Elements of Good Feasibility - 998 Words

The Elements of a Good Feasibility Study Tim Bryce | Mar 20, 2008 | Comments (5) Those who do not do their homework do not graduate. - Bryce s Law In its simplest form, a Feasibility Study represents a definition of a problem or opportunity to be studied, an analysis of the current mode of operation, a definition of requirements, an evaluation of alternatives, and an agreed upon course of action. As such, the activities for preparing a Feasibility Study are generic in nature and can be applied to any type of project, be it for systems and software development, making an acquisition, or any other project. There are basically six parts to any effective Feasibility Study: 1. The PROJECT SCOPE which is used to define the†¦show more content†¦After the total cost of the project has been calculated, a cost and evaluation summary is prepared which includes such things as a cost/benefit analysis, return on investment, etc. 6. REVIEW - all of the preceding elements are then assembled into a Feasibility Study and a formal review is conducted with all parties involved. The review serves two purposes: to substantiate the thoroughness and accuracy of the Feasibility Study, and to make a project decision; either approve it, reject it, or ask that it be revised before making a final decision. If approved, it is very important that all parties sign the document which expresses their acceptance and commitment to it; it may be a seemingly small gesture, but signatures carry a lot of weight later on as the project progresses. If the Feasibility Study is rejected, the reasons for its rejection should be explained and attached to the document. CONCLUSION It should be remembered that a Feasibility Study is more of a way of thinking as opposed to a bureaucratic process. For example, what I have just described is essentially the same process we all follow when purchasing an automobile or a home. As the scope of the project grows, it becomes more important to document the Feasibility Study particularly if large amounts of money are involved and/or the criticality of delivery. Not only should the Feasibility Study contain sufficient detail to carry on to the next succeeding phase in theShow MoreRelatedWhat Are Construction Projects?1476 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology of modern buildings construction, uncertainty created by the inevitable time for a construction project life cycle and uniqueness of each project. The development process of a project mainly includes eight stages which are ‘inception’, ‘feasibility’, ‘strategy’, ‘pre-construction’, ‘construction’, ‘testing and commissioning’, ‘completion, handover and operation’ as well as ‘post-completion review and in use’. The very first stage of all is ‘inception’ which may take up to 4 months (NationalRead MoreSap Atlam674 Words   |  3 PagesCompanies. It was then understood, the IT bases were obsolete compare with its rivals and they were requested to advance their accounting system to PETRA bunch of wide SAP system. SAP was an incorporated business application bundle that secured most elements of an association like Financial Accounting, Controlling, Asset Management, Sales amp; Distribution, Material Management, Human Resource and many more. Implementing SAP for ATLAM was not simple as they were already depended on a modified singleRead MoreFeasibility Of The Economic Feasibility1091 Words   |  5 Pages Economic Feasibility After reviewing the economic feasibility of in power snacks. When determining the project cost and the revenue projections, there are many aspects to consider. When elevating the startup cost without paying any type of the utilities or for rent. The start-up cost will be closely around $5700. This will contain a small amount of reserves with equipment, material supplies beginning inventory, operating cost, business license, advertisement and miscellaneous expense. This isRead MoreTechnical Assessment : What Technology Does This Business? Essay1676 Words   |  7 Pagesparticularly following start-up, when little or no revenue will come in? If your idea passes the screening process you can proceed to the pre-feasibility study which will help you determine the idea is worth a more detailed investigation or whether the success factors are present, e.g. raw materials are sufficient all year round. III. The Pre-Feasibility Study The size of investment required for a project determines to some extent the amount of time and effort needed to complete the project. A largeRead MoreHealthcare Informatics : The Satellite Clinic989 Words   |  4 PagesEHR systems in a meaningful way is likely to have a net cost over the several years, especially for those who do not yet have robust EHR systems in place and in regular use† (Kudyba S. P. ‘2010’). The same author said: â€Å"By quality we mean the six elements described by the IOM in its ‘Quality Chasm’ report: care that is consistently patient centered, effective, safe, timely, efficient, and equitable.† Essentials of Health Policy and Law The new satellite clinic would accept most insurance plans thatRead MoreGuidelines for Feasibility Report1454 Words   |  6 PagesGuide lines to make Feasibility report Feasibility Study This Feasibility Study Template will help you to conduct feasibility studies in your organization. It takes you through the process of completing a Feasibility Study by defining the business problem / opportunity, the alternative solutions available and the recommended solution for implementation. You can use this Feasibility Study sample to assess the feasibility of any type of solution, within any type of business environment. Read MoreThe Uses and Development of a System1659 Words   |  7 PagesAnswer 1 A system can be broadly explain as an integrated set of elements that accomplish a specific objective. Or from a different view A set of elements, methods which is explained in detail, procedures a specific path to carry out specific activity’s, to perform a duty or may solve a problem. People from different engineering disciplines have different ideas of what a system is. For example, software engineers usually refer to an integrated set of computer programs as a system. ElectricalRead MoreCritical Thinking : Scrutinizing Your Initial Draft Essay1494 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Thinking: Scrutinizing Your Initial Draft With the knowledge of what is expected, and many of the big questions already answered, your summary business plan is probably well organized. The purpose of a feasibility study is to add more detail to your plan by doing targeted research to think strategically about the estimates, and discoveries you made in your summary business plan. Once you go through the basic method I present here, you can modify it to fit your methodology accordinglyRead MoreIndividual: Service Request Sr-Rm-022, Part 11192 Words   |  5 Pageseven the top investors of the company its self. Anyone interested in the production and the improvement of the new integrated application system. The Project Scope The Project definition is identifying the problem. The project scope and the feasibility study are both part of the analysis stage of the system development life-cycle. As the saying goes the problem well stated is half solved. Tim Bryce wisely said: It is also necessary to define the parts of the business affected either directlyRead MoreWhat Is Feasibility Analysis1559 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Is Feasibility Analysis? †¢Feasibility Analysis –The process of determining whether a business idea is viable. –It is the preliminary evaluation of a business idea, conducted for the purpose of determining whether the idea is worth pursuing. –Feasibility analysis takes the guesswork (to a certain degree) out of a business launch, and provides an entrepreneur with a more secure notion that a business idea is feasible or viable. When To Conduct a Feasibility Analysis †¢Timing of Feasibility

Managing Research Efficient Developing

Question: Discuss about the Managing Research for Efficient Developing. Answer: Introduction Imparting trainings to employees has now become an integral part of the business process of every organization. In the present business environment where competition is very high, it is imperative that the employees are able to perform to their highest capacity in an effective manner. In order to expand and increase employee efficiencies, organizations are actively training them in order to built core competencies. The training procedure inside the organization helps in developing the skills of the employees as well as their capabilities (Arneson, Rothwell and Naughton 2013). The training process also helps in molding the thinking process of the employees working in the organization. Therefore, the intent of the organization is to increase their effectiveness and growth by enhancing the performance of their employees through effective training programs. This particular study revolves around the problems that are faced by Atlassian, an Australian software company in the forefront of training their employees. The problem that has been identified in the organization is that it lacks efficient trainers who will be responsible to impart training to its employees and help them to perform their jobs in a much efficient manner. This study is directed towards bringing out the effects of such lack of efficient trainers in the company. It will also discuss about the problems that are arising and drawing back the companys performance due to the identified problem. Along with it, the study also will discuss about the key issues that affect the production of the organization, because there is a lack of trainers are discussed as well in this particular research proposal. This research will help in describing the circumstances that surrounds the research problem, which is related to the problem faced by the people in the organization, because there is an improper training facility that is being provided to the people. Background of the Research Problem Atlassian is a company that is efficient in developing software program for its customer (Atlassian. 2016). As one of the biggest companies providing effective software solutions to its clients, it has to employ a huge workforce. Considerable amounts of employees are engaged in research and development. A detailed analysis of customer demand is undertaken and products are developed by using the technological developments in the required area. The entire workforce is divided according to the different business functions of the organization. The organization has different departments such as software, IT, Marketing, Finance, Operations, HR etc. All these departments require people with different qualification and capabilities. As various types of expertise is involves, their periodic training and development is also necessary in order to keep pace with the changes in the business environment. However, recently it has been noticed that the company is lacking its capacity to provide effe ctive training to its employees. As a result, the entire business process is being hampered along with its productivity (Yenireddy 2013). Proper training could not be provided to the employees working in the organization because the organization lacks eligible trainers at the present moment. The organizational objectives of increasing revenue and productivity are not being accomplished due to the ineffectiveness of its workforce. It has been seen that the companys software and IT department is sometimes unable to provide effective sokutions to customer problems. After sales services have been hampered in a significant manner. On the other hand, research and development has not augmented much as desired by the management of the company. The overall organizational effectiveness and existence have stated to erode due to this acute problem of the work force. It has also been noticed that old and experienced employees are sometimes not able to cope up and implement the latest technological developments in the field of software and IT. Here is where the necessity of training is felt the most. This study is directed towards, finding out the problems that arise due to unavailability of effective training sessions by efficient trainers. The study will also try to bring out the wa ys in which the company will be able to overcome these drawbacks and will be able to develop reasonable solutions. Thus, helping the company to recover from this present state is also an important objective of this research work. In essence, the management of the company needs to decide upon the following important points and questions: What are the present requirements of the employees? What are the present technological changes that affect the organizations research and development process? What are the factors that are hindering effective after sales services of the organization? The nature and extent of the trainings that is required to be held by the organization. What are the expertises that the company will be looking for in the training staff? To what proportion will training programs will increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the employees? What are the nature and type of costs that will be involved in providing the required trainings to its employees? To what extent can the company expend on training programs? How such training programs will affect the organizations revenue generation and profits? The above mentioned elements are very important and the company has to take a proper decision in this regard. Problem Definition This research intends to address the particular type of problem identified in the organization. The company is well established and has its own procedures to implement new strategies and policies in a precise manner. This study will try to find out the manner in which such implementation of policies and strategies are done within the organization. Research will also be done to critically evaluate such procedures and try to bring out the changes that are required in the business process. This may involve an entire business re-engineering of the training and development activities of the company. The researcher should try to question the management with the help of a survey questionnaire the problems they are facing due to the lack of proper training and development program and due to the lack of eligible trainer that is there in the organization (Sung and Choi 2014). The research would also take into account the experience of the employees working in the organization with the help of the face-to-face interview and survey questionnaire. The information that will be gathered from the employees will help in finding out the problems the employees are facing because of the lack of an eligible trainer in the organization. The research question that is being raised by the particular research includes the following: What are the factors that the company needs to consider within the organization with respect to its present training and development cell? What are the drawbacks in the present training programs and schedules? What are the qualities that are required to be evaluated in a trainer? Where can prospective trainers are found? What are the nature and extent of the requirements of the employees? How the implementation of the management decision would take place in the organization? To what extent the strategy of implementing effective and highly qualified trainer is effective for the growth and the development of the organization? How new trainers and training programs will enhance productivity and efficiency of the organization? The research proposal put forwards certain objectives that are being identified in the particular research: Enabling the employees to accomplish tem as well as their job roles in the organization, the old or the existing employees working in the organization it includes enabling the employees to enhance the capabilities of the new employees working in the organization. The next research objective deals with the productivity of the organization. It is the objective of the research to find out whether the newly hired qualified trainer will help in enhancing the productivity of the organization or not. To find out effective training processes that will enable its employees to perform better and increase their efficiency. The research objective deals with the improvement of the performance of the employee, which include: The new employees who are being hire by the organization and The old or the existing employees of the organization The objective of the particular research will ensure that the implementation of the new and the qualified trainers in the organization, would actually help in increasing not only the productivity of the organization but it will help in increasing the profitability of the organization at the same time. Literature Review The present literature review does not deal only with the problem of Atlassian, and the problem that it faces because of the lack of eligible trainers that are there in the organization. The present literature review is about the need of training and development program in the organization (Sung and Choi 2014). The research also tries to find out how the training and the development program has actually helped the organization to increase their profitability at the same time. The literature review not only deals with the gap that is there because there is a lack of training procedure in the organization. The literature review deals with the overall training process and this overall training process could actually help in improving the performance of the organization. The Need to Provide Training to People Working in the Organization Training plays a very important part in enhancing the performance of both the organization and employees who are working in the organization. The training and the development program could be helpful for the people working in the organization based on the four grounds. The four grounds are the following grounds: The employees, who are new to the organization, are being provided with a specific training. The aim of providing the specific training to the new employees help the organization to make the employees understand about the protocol of the company and at the same time it helps the new employees to know about both the mission and the vision of the company. The training and the development programs are designed for the existing employees as well. The training and the development programs help the existing employees to improve their capabilities as well as the skills. The organization could implement many changes within its structure and within the way; the work is being carried out. The training and the development program actually helps the employee to cope up with the changes within the organization and then carry out their work at the same time. Training is important for the promotion and the growth of the employees and thus if proper training is being provided to the employees then it will become easy for the employees to carry out their work and at the same time it motivates the employees to share responsibilities with other employees as well. The Different and the Varied Methods of Training The On Job Training Method The on-job training method or a way is a particular way through which training is being provided to the employees working in a particular organization. The particular training method or way could be helpful in more than one way. Firstly, the particular training method provides trainings to the employees who are both in proficient and at the same time semi-proficient. Another most important part of this particular training procedure is that this particular training procedure is a cost effective training procedure (Salas, Tannenbaum, Kraiger and Smith-Jentsch 2012). Therefore, most of the organization could actually avail this training procedure. In this particular procedure, the employees are placed in a particular scenario and within that scenario; they are being provided the training by the organization. In this particular procedure of learning, the process of learning takes place through the method of doing or carrying out certain activities. The things like job rotation, promotion and even coaching could be seen as those instances that will help in providing the training to the employees working in and for the organization. The Off Training Method The off job training method is being aim to provide training to those employees who are new to the organization and thus, proper training procedure are needed to transfer knowledge. The particular types of trainings are good for those employees who are not only new but also at the same time, to those who need the trainings within a very short period (Ford 2014). The particular type of training program actually, helps in fulfilling this particular purpose but then the particular procedure is very costly for the people working in the organization. The employees in the off job training are not trained in the actual working condition area but rather they are trained in a duplicate area, and the duplicate is the duplicate of the actual working condition. Moreover, the employees are trained separately in this particular training procedure, thus the training procedure is also known as the vestibule procedure at the same time. The Benefits of the Training that is being provided The training and the development program is helpful to the organization in more than one way. The training and development program is beneficial for the organization because of the following reasons: Learning culture is important for both the growth as well as the development of the organization (Benton, Benton and Benton 2014). Therefore, it is important to implement the training and the development program within the organization because that will help in developing a learning culture within the organization. Thus, changes could be easily introduced in the organization because a learning culture within the organization welcomes the changes within the organization. Training ensures that there is minimal wastage of time within the organization, and this training could because if there were well-trained employees in the organization then the employee would actually require less supervision (Chopra 2012). Since, the well-trained employees receive less supervision therefore, the time is saved and that is utilized in production, which helps in increasing the profit earned by the organization. The training programs therefore, helps in increasing the productivity of the company and not only the productivity of the company is increased but at the same time the errors or the mistake, that used to occur in the organization would decrease at the same time (Council 2012). Since, the employees will be more trained therefore, the rate of committing mistakes will decrease thus it again would contribute to the productivity of the organization. Research Design Methodology Research Design The particular research would carry out the research process with the help of the descriptive research design. The descriptive research design helps the researchers because it provides the researchers with those results that are accurate (Taylor, Bogdan, and DeVault 2015). Thus, the process of analyzing the things become simpler and at the same time the particular research method takes into account not only the qualitative data collection method but at the same time the quantitative data collection method at the same time. The Purpose of this particular Research and the Type of Investigation The research design can be of three types, which include the exploratory research design, the, descriptive research design and the causal research design (Merriam and Tisdell 2015). The exploratory research design requires full and the detailed information about the research problem and only then, that particular research design could be implemented in the process (Matthews and Ross 2014). Since, the particular research does not have distinct or detail information about the research problem therefore, implementing this research process would not be a sufficient thing in this case (Robson and McCartan 2016). The causal research design, on the other hand depends on the cause and the effect design of the variables (Noe and Tews 2012). The particular research is also termed as the hypothesis testing at the same time. The variables of the cause and the effect of the training procedure in the organization, is not something that is feasible, therefore, this particular method or design of research is also not implemented in this case. The descriptive research design is such a research design that is not experimental in nature but this; particular research design helps the researcher, because it provides the researcher with accurate data that helps in the data analysis process. The descriptive research design includes unique variables (Yin 2013). The descriptive design is different from the other kinds of research design because in this particular design method there is no need of the multiple variables for the data analysis process. The data analysis could be carried out with the help of the single variables at the same time. Time Horizon of the Particular Research The particular research will include the cross-sectional study of the management working in Atlassian. The cross section study is based on the observation of a group of people or the focus group on a particular subject but there will be a difference in the time at the same time. The particular research would observe and study the workers of the Atlassian and will try to find out the ways through which, the lack of an eligible trainer is effecting the growth and the development of the organization (Pickard 2012). Unit of Analysis of the Research The unit of analysis consists of the most important thing in a research, because the unit of analysis includes, those who are being studied in this particular research (Mackey and Gass 2015). The unit of analysis of this research includes the individuals, such as the people working in the management of the organization and is ready to implement the strategy of recruiting highly qualified trainers in the organization. It includes the employees as well, who are mostly affected by the particular training procedure. Research Methodology The Chosen Instrument for the Research The particular research is using the rating scale, such as the Likert scale, for conducting this particular research (Maxwell 2012). Apart from the Likert scale, the research also uses the interview schedule or the guides and along with it, the research uses the questionnaire as well, to carry out the interview and the surveys. Along with it, the tally sheets are used as well for conducting this particular research (Reigeluth 2013). Questionnaire Design of the particular Research The particular research, use the survey questionnaire to carry out the particular research. The research questionnaire, use the Likert scale as the rating scale that is being used to find out what both the management and the employees feel regarding the training that is being provided in the organization and regarding the absence of the eligible trainer in the organization (Kratochwill, and Levin 2015). In the Likert scale, the numbers stands for: 5= Truly Agree 4= Agree to Some Extent 3= Not Sure 2= Disagree to some Extent 1= Disagree to a Great Extend Data Collection Qualitative Data Collection Method The qualitative data collection method includes the interviewing of the employees as well as the management through the help of the series of questionnaires that are there The qualitative data analysis includes observing the focus groups that is the people working in the company and the management (Creswell 2012). The Quantitative Data Collection The quantitative data collection method includes surveying at least 50 employees working in the organization. The employees who will be included in the survey include both the new employees as well as the old employees working in the organization. Data Analysis Qualitative Analysis: The process of the documentation could be used in this particular research to analysis the data that has been collected (Snmez 2013). Quantitative Analysis: In case of the quantitative data the statistical method such as SPSS could be used to carry on with the analysis. Limitation of the Research There s certain limitation that has been recognized in this particular research and here are the following limitations: The particular research used only a limited number of people in the organization. The small population, which is being used in the organization, is not enough to have a clear view of the problem that is being faced by the people working there (Kelly, Lesh and Baek 2014). The research does not include the viewpoints of the trainers and thus the facts that they have to say in their defense are not mentioned in the research. Project Budget and Timeline Budget The particular research requires certain funds or budget because the books that are required for the literature review, needs money and could not be obtain at free of cost. The same thing is true even for the data collection and data analysis; certain money is required to carry out the whole process. Thus, a budget is required here as well. The Area Budget Required Literature Review (Books, Online and Academic Journal) $1000 Qualitative Analysis $500 Quantitative Analysis (Survey Questionnaire) $800 Data Analysis (Tools, such as the SPSS tool) $400 Time Task to be Carried Out The Starting Date The Finish Date Designing the questionnaire 13th July 2016 1st August 2016 Pretesting the Questionnaire 1st August 2016 25th August 2016 Printing of the questionnaire as well as the return of the envelope 26th August 2016 13th September 2016 Distributing the questionnaire among the employees and the management 14th September 2016 7th October 2016 Interviewing the employees and data analysis 8th October 2016 12th December 2016 Finishing the report 13th December 2016 7th January 2017 Conclusion The particular research would help in finding out whether Atlassian requires new and qualified trainer for their organization or not. The particular research would be helpful not only for the employees working in Atlassian but it would also be helpful for those organizations that are going through the same kind of situation. The particular research would actually helpful for the future researcher as well. References Arneson, J., Rothwell, W. and Naughton, J., 2013. Training and development competencies redefined to create competitive advantage.Training Development,67(1), pp.42-47. Atlassian. (2016).Software Development and Collaboration Tools | Atlassian. Benton, Benton, B. and Benton, (2014).Importance of Employee Training: 6 Reasons Why. Line//Shape//Space. Chopra, B. (2012).Importance of training and development in an organization. timesofindia-economictimes. Council, S.B., 2012. Training development. Creswell, J.W., 2012.Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Ford, J.K., 2014.Improving training effectiveness in work organizations. Psychology Press. Kelly, A.E., Lesh, R.A. and Baek, J.Y., 2014.Handbook of design research methods in education: Innovations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics learning and teaching. Routledge. Kratochwill, T.R. and Levin, J.R. eds., 2015.Single-Case Research Design and Analysis (Psychology Revivals): New Directions for Psychology and Education. Routledge. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Matthews, B. and Ross, L., 2014.Research methods. Pearson Higher Ed. Maxwell, J.A., 2012.Qualitative research design: An interactive approach: An interactive approach. Sage. Merriam, S.B. and Tisdell, E.J., 2015.Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley Sons. Noe, R.A. and Tews, M.J., 2012. Realigning training and development research to contribute to the psychology of competitive advantage.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,5(1), pp.101-104. Pickard, A., 2012.Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Reigeluth, C.M. ed., 2013.Instructional-design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory(Vol. 2). Routledge. Robson, C. and McCartan, K., 2016.Real world research. Wiley. Salas, E., Tannenbaum, S.I., Kraiger, K. and Smith-Jentsch, K.A., 2012. The science of training and development in organizations: What matters in practice.Psychological science in the public interest,13(2), pp.74-101. Snmez, A., 2013. Research Methodology and Design. InMultinational Companies, Knowledge and Technology Transfer(pp. 63-112). Springer International Publishing. Sung, S.Y. and Choi, J.N., 2014. Do organizations spend wisely on employees? Effects of training and development investments on learning and innovation in organizations.Journal of organizational behavior,35(3), pp.393-412. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Wilson, J.P., 2014. International human resource development: Learning, education and training for individuals and organisations.Development and Learning in Organizations,28(2). Yenireddy, A., 2013.Human Resource Management-Training Development. Yin, R.K., 2013.Case study research: Design and methods. Sage publications.

Cannabis Hemp. . .Marijuana! Essays - Biofuels, Bioenergy, Herbs

Cannabis Hemp. . .Marijuana! Article copied work for work from April 1990 Issue of High Times Magazine pages 37-41 and page 57. "OUR CHALLENGE TO THE WORLD: TRY TO PROVE US WRONG-- If all fossil fuels and their derivatives (coal, oil, natural gas, synthetic fibers and petrochemicals) as well as the deforestation of trees for paper and agriculture (e.g., Brazilian & Indonesian rainforests), are banned from use in order to save the planet, preserve the ozone layer and reverse the greenhouse effect with its global warming trend: Then there is only one known renewable natural resource able to provide all(underlined) of the following goods and essentials such as paper and textiles; meet all of the world's transportation, home and industrial energy needs, and clean the atmosphere-- all at the same time--our old standby that did it all before: Cannabis Hemp. . .Marijuana! The industrial revolution moved hemp to a place of lesser importance in world commerce due to the lack of mechanized harvesting and breaking technology needed for mass production. But this natural resource was far too valuable to be relegated to the back burner of history forever. In 1916, a U.S. Department of Agriculture bulletin predicted that once a docortication and harvesting machine was developed, cannabis would again become America's largest agricultural industry. Some 22 years later, Popular Mechanics introduced a new generation of investors to just such a device, (See the February 1989 issue of HIGH TIMES.) which brings us to this next bit of history: A PLAN TO SAVE OUR FOREST Some canniabis plant strains regularly reach treelike heights of 20 feet or more in one growing season. In 1916, the U.S. Department of Agriculture wrote in special bulletin No. 404 that one acre of cannabis hemp, in annual rotation over a 20-year period, would produce as much pulp for paper as 4.1 acres of trees over the same 20- year period being cut down; and this process would use only 1/5 to 1/7 as much sulfur-based acid chemicals to break down the glue-like lignin that binds with the fibers of the pulp. All this lignin must be broken down to make pulp paper. Hemp is only 4% lignin, while trees are 18-30% lignin. Thus hemp provides four times as much pulp with five to seven times less pollution (and yet, today is totally illegal, as it has been for the last half-century). This hemp pulp-paper potential depended on the invention and engineering of new machines for stripping the hemp by modern technology. This would also lower the cost of and demand for lumber for housing and at the same time help re-oxygenate the planet. As an example: If the new (1916) hemp pulp paper process were legal today, it would soon replace about 70% of all wood pulp paper, including computer printout paper, corrugated boxes and paper bags. Pulp paper made from rags or machined from 60% to 100% hemp hurds is stronger and more flexible than paper made from wood pulp and makes a less expensive, more ecological paper, and a better one. CONSERVATION & SOURCE REDUCTION Source reduction is a cost-cutting waste control method often called for by environmentalists: reduction of the source of pollution, usually from manufacturing with petrochemicals or their derivatives. In the supermarket when you are asked to choose paper or plastic for your bags, you are faced with an environmental dilemma; paper from trees that were cut, or plastic bags made from fossil fuel and chemicals. With a third choice--hemp hurd paper--available, one could choose a biodegradable, durable paper from an annually renuewable source, the hemp plant. The goal is to reduce the source of pollution. Whether the source of the pollution is CFC's (chloro-flourocarbons) from spray cans, computers and refrigeration, or tritium and plutonium produced for military uses, or the sulfuric acids used by papermakers, reducing the source of pollution is the goal. The environmental advantages of harvesting hemp annually--leaving the trees in the ground!--make papermaking from hemp hurds critical for source reduction, along with the use of hemp to replace fossil fuel as an energy source. ENERGY AND THE ECONOMY The book Solar Gas (1980), Science Digest, Omni Magazine, The Alliance for Survival, the "Green Party" of West Germany and others put the total figure of our energy costs at 80% of the total dollar expenses of living for each human being. In validation: 82% of the total value of all issues traded on the New York Stock Exchange, other world stock exchanges, ect., are tied directly to: *Energy supply companies (Exxon, Shell,

Design of a Hospital Bed Essays

Design of a Hospital Bed Essays Design of a Hospital Bed Essay Design of a Hospital Bed Essay The topic discussed showed the application of electronic, mechanical and programming knowledge to improve a hospital bed that allows it to be an automated lateral turning bed. The research was done due to the lack of funds and budget of Philippine Hospitals to provide patients with a turning bed that is very expensive for them. The paper showed several functions like turning the bed into a certain angle, making it automatic, that can be controlled using the control panel attached on the bed. I can say this is a brilliant way to help the patients allowing sufficient blood flow in the body. This can also be an excellent way to be able to provide a low cost quality bed design to help the patients and hospitals meet their demands. But I have seen that there are still some limitations on the bed. It is specific to one function, it doesn’t have the ability to do other automatic functions like for example the back and leg support that an ordinary hospital bed can provide. But from here, it is a good start of an innovation for hospital beds, which can be used in the Philippine Hospital and at the same time it provided an opportunity to improve the system. However, it also beneficial that they used programming techniques to be able to control the bed but it is a reality that it can be prone to error and computer problems. It is true that certain safety measures should always be considered while using the bed. Because it is used for ill patients, the design should really be carefully evaluated because lack of planning and knowledge on the disadvantages of the bed can also lead to danger of the person who is using it. It is also helpful to coordinate with the health experts and authorities on the design of the bed. I would also suggest that the access for the control of the bed should have certain limitations or password to authorized personnel to avoid the risk and problems on the patient. There are a lot of things which can be improved on the design and program of the bed, this is a good start and they should continue on the research to maximize the uses and benefits that it can provide to patients and hospitals by the use of modern techniques and knowledge in and automation.

Read the attached case and write a legal brief of the case Study

Read the attached and write a legal brief of the - Case Study Example s motion, the District court suppressed the data obtained through GpS while the vehicle was parked at Jones’s residence but accepted the remaining data on the ground that Jones had no reasonable expectation of privacy on public streets. The D.C Circuit reversed the conviction on the ground that warrantless use of GpS violated the Fourth Amendment. Government approached the Supreme Court. A. Rule: The Fourth Amendment provides that â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizure, shall not be violated†. The government’s claim that a search has not occurred is rejected because in Katz v. United States (1967), the Court observed that â€Å"the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places†, and found violation in the attachment of an eavesdropping device to a public telephone. B. Application: Though the Fourth Amendment jurisprudence was mainly tied to common-law trespass till the second half of 20th century, it deviated after that and started protecting the privacy of people, not places. The vehicle comes under â€Å"effect† as provided in Fourth Amendment, and it is not an â€Å"open field† as claimed by the

Ogallala aquifer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ogallala aquifer - Essay Example A lot of our water supply comes from water wells that are drilled deep down into the aquifers. We need these aquifers to stay unpolluted in order to continue to enjoy them. The Ogallala aquifer is one of the worlds largest and is located beneath the Great Plains area of the United States. It is fairly shallow but because of its surface area contains an enormous amount of water. This aquifer is vital for the future of the United States, and yet it is not doing very well. The water in it is running low. As one researcher recently framed the issue: Many people assume that large groundwater formations may temporarily run low, but will fill again when rainfall is plentiful – as do lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. However, unless the areas impacted are unaffected by the factors that contribute to high evaporation – such as minimal rainfall, abundant sunshine, low humidity, and periodic strong winds – this assumption is not even remotely correct. Therefore, it is imperative that we find solutions through research to water problems and maintain the aquifer as a continuing resource (Guru, 6). The problems range in severity and the length of time they will occur in. We must take action now to avoid the aquifers depletion and pollution. We need to preserve its use for future generations. To lose the use of this aquifer would be a serious indictment against the United States and a blow to farmers throughout the Midwest who rely on it to irrigate and water their crops. Sadly a number of new techniques threaten the safety of aquifers. In The Whole Fracking Enchilada by Sandra Steingraber, the author discusses how natural gas is extracted from shale. The process can be very destructive to the environment. We have to be mindful of this in the future as we continue to try to meet our energy needs while preserving the quality of our environment and drinking supply. Excessive water use in the extraction of natural resources is another threat to aquifers. We need water

Risks associated with acts of God Essay Example for Free

Risks associated with acts of God Essay There are various approaches that can be used in assigning probabilities of acts of God. This includes drawing of risk impact/probability chart which helps the risk manager to decide which type of risks requires more attention. Scientific approach can also be used in assigning probabilities of acts of God. Scientific approach is an appropriate approach in managing risks and making decisions under conditions of uncertainty such as acts of God. Risk managers can also use lay people response to occurrence and probability of risks as a result of acts of God (Attar, 2010). As a risk manager, I prefer using risk impact/probability chart because it demonstrates both the probabilities of the risk occurring which ranges from anywhere just above 0% and below 100%. The probability of risks associated with acts of God is also expressed. Additionally, the impact as a result of the risk is shown. The approach that cannot be used in assigning probabilities to acts of God is use of lay people response; this is because it is biased, unscientific and ill-informed approach. Part 2 . The source of valid data for estimating chances of a single act of God is history records that are already kept showing the frequency in which the events occurred in the past. From these records, the risk manager is able to estimate the chances of an act of God occurring in the present. According to the concept of conditional probability, it argues that the probability of an event or outcome occurring is mainly based on the occurrence of a previous event or outcome. In risk management, conditional probabilities are mainly contingent on a previous result. In the exposure of due intelligence, I will apply the concept of conditional probability by multiplying the probability of the preceding event by the updated probability of the succeeding event. References Attar, H. (2010). The Scientific Approaches to Risk and Risk Management: A Critical Review. Retrieved August 16 from http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=tasr.2011.386.393org=10