The Ocean Ranger Oil Disaster Essay - 989 Words

The Ocean Ranger The Ocean Ranger was an offshore exploration oil drilling platform that sank in Canadian waters 315 kilometres southeast from St. Johns Newfoundland, on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland on February 15, 1982, with 84 crewmembers onboard. The Ocean Ranger was the largest semi-submersible, offshore exploration, oil drilling platform of the day. Built in 1976 by Japans Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, it operated off the coasts of Alaska, New Jersey, Ireland, and in November 1980 moved to the Grand Banks. Since it was so big it was considered to have the ability to drill in areas too dangerous for other rigs. The government thought it was unsinkable, so they felt that there was no need to train a crew very well. The disaster†¦show more content†¦For more safety, training requirements for offshore workers have greatly increased and new facilities have been established to make sure that the workers have the safety skills to avoid another disaster like the Ocean Ranger . Weather buoys were placed in certain areas throughout the waters in Atlantic Canada to give weather information to forecasters and mariners. The oil companies were held responsible because they did not train their workers for emergency procedures and did not do any emergency drills. The Ocean Ranger could have survived the storm and flooding if the crewmembers had understood how the ballast system worked. The two men working in the ballast room had never been tested for what they had learned. The senior operator had only reached the halfway point in his training, but he was promoted. The Ocean Ranger did not have enough safety equipment on board for the amount of passengers they had. Families of lost crewmembers sued the companies that owned and operated the Ocean Ranger. The companies were forced to pay millions in lawsuits. Oil companies lost a lot of money because of all the lawsuits, but Canada and other countries that used the Ocean Ranger, lost one of their sources of oil, which may have been a very good producer for them. Japan especially lost money because they invested the money into building this structure. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Ocean Ranger1015 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ocean Ranger The Ocean Ranger was an offshore exploration oil drilling platform that sank in Canadian waters 315 kilometres southeast from St. Johns Newfoundland, on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland on February 15, 1982, with 84 crewmembers onboard. The Ocean Ranger was the largest semi-submersible, offshore exploration, oil drilling platform of the day. Built in 1976 by Japans Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, it operated off the coasts of Alaska, New Jersey, Ireland, and in November 1980 movedRead MoreEnvironmental Impacts of Tourism6014 Words   |  25 Pagesarea already suffering the effects of deforestation - can use four to five kilograms of wood a day. POLLUTION Tourism can cause the same forms of pollution as any other industry: air emissions, noise, solid waste and littering, releases of sewage, oil and chemicals, even architectural/visual pollution. Air pollution and noise Transport by air, road, and rail is continuously increasing in response to the rising numbe reported that the number of international air passengers worldwide rose from 88 millionRead MoreGeo Sci2744 Words   |  11 Pagesthings for the future, but achieving both of these is not easy. B) They must provide marriage counseling for their moose, so that the mommy and daddy moose have lots of baby moose that can be sold on the export market to raise money to pay the rangers. C) They must preserve valuable things for the future, and not allow people to enjoy those things today, but people want to enjoy them now. D) They must sell more Pepsi than Penn State, or the Congress will cut their funding, and selling thatRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 Pagesfactors in turning Japan away from cooperation with West and towards nationalistic policies. 5. Depression and economic problems shaped foreign policy – the rise of extreme nationalism and expansion into China can be accounted to the need for coal, oil and other raw materials. * Traditionalists thought that Japan should return to a state of isolation. 6. 1933: Japan leaves the League of Nations (March 27) 7. The aggressive foreign policies of Japan and their own domestic politicalRead More3m - Innovation at 3m Corporation10174 Words   |  41 PagesHere, disaster struck again: the abrasives they had imported from Spain refused to stick to the sandpaper. Research and development (RD) then at 3M, as the company became known, took place in a primitive laboratory so small the sole technician had to back out to let the boss in. The young technician figured out the problem after plunging some sandpaper into water and noting an oil slick. Follow-up investigations revealed that during shipment from Spain, an ocean storm had caused olive oil to leakRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesopportunities for economic advancement—including the massive movement of rural agriculturalists to rapidly growing urban areas—bu t also the often-neglected displacements of populations that resulted from the wars, revolutions, and natural and man-made disasters of the twentieth century. Howard Spodek’s essay charts the development of the urban areas that have been the destination for the great majority of both international and domestic immigrants in the modern era, and that in 2005 became the place of Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pageswater? No. So if you need an expert, you will have to search elsewhere. But you ask yourself: Is it really worth your trouble to search for more information from an expert? That search will probably require a hike back to the ranger station near the parking lot. Rangers ought to be relative experts on drinking from their streams. If the experts advice is to avoid drinking the boiled water unless you have sterilization tablets, then youll have to hike all the way back to camp to tell the othersRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesfavours intangible things—ideas, information and relationships. The world of the soft—the world of intangibles, of media, of software, and of services—will soon command the world of the hard—the world of reality, of atoms, of objects, of steel and oil. (Kelly 1998: 6) Digitization is core to what many regard as the new economy. The term ‘new economy’ is controversial. Some pontiWcate on its impact (Tapscott 2001) whilst others cast doubt on whether traditional economics has lost relevance (ShapiroRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesWando Hoenggan WaterWay off the South Korean coast by 2015. The $800 million plus project is expected to provide 300MW of renewable energy, enough to power 200,000 homes. The project entails installing a series of 60 ft-high tidal turbines in deep ocean water. A 1MW pilot plant would be installed first to evaluate the environmental impact before the full-blown is allowed. If successful, the ecological impact is expected to be much less than conventional tidal barges which destroy bird habitats andRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesWays to Generate More Alternatives 199 International Caveats 202 Hints for Applying Problem-Solving Techniques 203 Fostering Cre ativity in Others 203 Management Principles 204 SKILL ANALYSIS 210 Cases Involving Problem Solving 210 The Mann Gulch Disaster 210 Creativity at Apple 212 SKILL PRACTICE 214 Exercises for Applying Conceptual Blockbusting 214 Individual Assignment—Analytical Problem Solving (10 minutes) 214 Team Assignment—Creative Problem Solving (20 minutes) 215 Moving Up in the Rankings

Essay on The Death of Artemio Cruz - 1178 Words

The Death of Artemio Cruz Carlos Fuentes author of The Death of Artemio Cruz has used his novel to show how Mexico has been transformed and molded into its present state through the use of his character Artemio Cruz. Fuentes uses Cruz to bring together a historical truth about the greedy capital seekers, robber barons, if you will, who after the revolution brought Mexico directly back to into the situation it was in before and during the Revolution. Fuentes wrote the novel in nineteen sixty-two, shortly after the Cuban Revolution. Fuentes is able to express his disappointment from the Mexican Revolution, the revolution by the people in his native land. The revolution seemed to change nothing for the average person in Mexico; the†¦show more content†¦He was revolutionary in the way he was able to use characters in his writings to disclose the big picture and history of his own home land, the country of Mexico. Fuentes was able to reach out to people of all walks of life, his writings were eventua lly all translated, and he became known worldwide. Fuentes wrote many controversial books, some of those were: Terra Nostra, The Campaign, The Old Gringo, Where the Air Is clear, The Death of Artemio Cruz, The Good Conscience, The Orange Tree, etc. I believe Carlos Fuentes published nineteen books altogether, many of the books seem to be almost chapters of one large novel; a novel that was an idea to bring information to the people, to help people think about things outside of the box, the way he saw things. His work was very insightful and helped to show the struggle of Mexico throughout history and even to the present day. Fuentes also wrote many essays of social protest and several short stories. He had a love of history, a desire to show the truth and the want to enlighten people to believe in a better way of life, all of these things he was able to due in his writings. I believe he just wanted the average person to understand how and why their economy, Government and their basic existence came to be. . . He was trying to reach the average Mexican. I believe Fuentes basically blamed the people of Mexico for letting these thingsShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of Artemio Cruz1291 Words   |  6 PagesThe Death of Artemio Cruz is a novel written in 1962 by Carlos Fuentes chronicling the singular life and destiny of a man raised in the lower classes of Mexico, who manages to rise into political and economical power through intrigue and Manichean maneuverings. The following book critique will contain a summary of the novel and provide some examples and parallels on core course concepts evident in the story, hopefully demonstrating what learning was obtained using the lens of global health mattersRead MoreThe Mexican Revolution In The Death Of Artemio Cruz . The2007 Words   |  9 PagesMexican Revolution in The Death of Artemio Cruz The Death of Artemio Cruz was written by Carlos Fuentes in 1962. This novel is based around Cruz’s early, heroic crusades during the Mexican Revolution. It is a journey from Cruz’s corrupt climb from poverty to wealth as a hacienda owner after the war, to his anguished present life as an old man looking back on his past and sees a long life filled with violence of many kinds. To ensure his position in a wealthy land-owning family, Cruz blackmails a fellowRead MoreThe Mexican Revolution Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagesof the revolution arise from the numerous factions and ideological assumptions advocated for the overthrow of Diaz’s rule, hence one can argue that it was a political, social, or economical revolution. Carlos Fuentes argued in his book, The Death of Artemio Cruz, that the form Mexico’s revolution can best be described as social. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A social revolution advocates a complete transformation of all characteristic aspects of society, encompassing the political structure, economicallyRead MoreJapanese Period1996 Words   |  8 PagesDramatic Philippines. A few of the playwriters were: 1. Jose Ma. Hernandez – wrote PANDAY PIRA 2. Francisco Soc Rodrigo – wrote sa PULA, SA PUTI 3. Clodualdo del Mundo – wrote BULAGA (an expression in the game Hide amp; Seek) 4. Julian Cruz Balmaceda – wrote SINO BA KAYO?, DAHIL SA ANAK, and HIGANTE NG PATAY C. The Filipino Short Story During The Japanese Period The field of the short story widened during the Japanese Occupation. Many wrote short stories. Among them were: BrigidoRead MoreReaction Paper of Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo2390 Words   |  10 Pagescompared with earlier revolts. I talk to myself, like Kagaya rin pala ito ng pag-aalsa nina Tamblot sa Bohol, Sumuroy sa Palapag,Samar, Andres Malong sa Pangasinan, Francisco Dagohoy sa Bohol, Diego Silang sa Ilocos, Juan dela Cruz Palaris sa Pangasinan, at Apolinario dela Cruz sa Tayabas, Ano ba naman yan! Bonifacio fled to the hills of San Mateo and Montalban with absolutely no further chance of a successful comeback because the Katipunan in Manila and its environs had melted away. Bonifacio himselfRead MoreThe Tragedy of Andres Bonifacio3488 Words   |  14 PagesThe Tragedy Of Andres Bonifacio Philippine Daily Inquirer November 27, 2005 Isagani A. Cruz Let me express these non-historians thoughts about a patriot of our land whose birth anniversary we shall celebrate this coming Wednesday. It is an official holiday declared by law in his honor as Bonifacio Day. Andres Bonifacio was the unknown indio who organized and led the Katipunan that was to ignite the Philippine Revolution of 1896 and ultimately free this country from Spanish rule after more thanRead MoreLegalization of Same Sex Marriage9779 Words   |  40 Pagescontrast to the ritual significance given homosexuality in some indigenous cultures and religions, the Semitic religions have all condemned homosexuality. A homosexual act between two consenting adult males is an abomination (Lev. 18:22), punishable by death (Lev. 20:13). Talmudic law extends the prohibition, but not the penalty, which is limited to flagellation, also to lesbianism. Rabbinic sources advance various reasons for the strict ban on homosexuality - regarded as a universal law among the SevenRead MoreThe Philippine National Police8266 Words   |  34 Pageslandmarks, airfields and naval bases. The Death March The Japanese had taken Manila but were surprised that no defense forces were waiting to be captured. The Japanese forces then began the siege of Bataan, ordering four infantry regiments with artillery and tank support to crush the American and Filipino soldiers. The Japanese then prepared to transfer the prisoners and surrendered troops to Camp o’ Donnel in Capas, Tarlac in what has been known as the â€Å"Death March.† Because of torture and starvationRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 Pages It was wow, it was big, like no one can stop me now, and immediately I had a shot that touched the bar and went over. But then something happened. We got a penalty kick in the dying minutes, and you can understand. It was a feeling of life and death. If we would score the penalty the club honour would be saved, if not we were risking a catastrophe, and all the heavy guys hesitated. They didn’t dare to take the penalty. There was too much on the life, so Tony that cocky guy stepped forward:

American Poet Essay Introduction Example For Students

American Poet Essay Introduction Mrs. Glasser and Mrs. Rau have a lot in common. Theyre both English teachers and they both work at Sachem North. They are also married with no kids. But thats where the similarities stop. They have different opinions and different likes and dislikes. Mrs. Glasser was born on February 21 in Smithtown. Her first name is Diane and Shes an Aquarius. She is the youngest out of 3 children in her family. Shes not really sure of her favorite color. She likes the group Destinies Child and her favorite movie over the summer was what lies beneath. She loves junk food and anything salty. In school her favorite subjects were Math and English. As a cheerleader she entered many competitions. Her favorite room in her home is the living room because she knows all her work is done and she can relax. The saddest time in her life was when her parents died and the happiest was when she got married. She has no kids, but shes got 2 cats. Her goal in life is to be successful. Shes attracted to people with a positive attitude on life. If she could change anything about herself, she would be more spontaneous. Mrs. Rau was born on January 24 in Brooklyn. Like Mrs. Glasser, Mrs. Rau is also an Aquarius. Shes the oldest of 3 children in her family. Her favorite colors are red, yellow, and purple because they are bright happy colors. The kind of music she likes is rhythm and blues, but she hates rap. Her Favorite movies are Silent Storm, Little Shop of Horrors, and Ace Ventura. These movies are funny and make her laugh. She likes Italian foods and foods with spices. She doesnt like desserts though. She enjoys reading, running, weight lifting, gardening, landscaping, and boating. Her favorite rooms in her home are the living room and the work out room. The saddest moment of her life is when her younger cousin died. Her goal in life is to teach English. She hopes to retire someday and move to a roomy house near water. If she could change anything about herself it would be her height because she is too small. She likes people who are responsible and hates people who use and take advantage of oth er people. Mrs. Glasser and Mrs. Rau have a lot in common. The difference is that they have certain likes and dislikes. Poetry and Poets

Role Of Women In The Odyssey Essays - Greek Mythology, Odyssey

Role Of Women In The Odyssey The Role of Women in The Odyssey Women form an important part of the folk epic, written by Homer, The Odyssey. Within the story there are three basic types of women: the goddess, the seductress, and the good hostess/wife. Each role adds a different element and is essential to the telling of the story. The role of the goddess is one of a supernatural being, but more importantly one in a position to pity and help mortals. Athena, the goddess of wisdom, is the most prominent example of the role; in the very beginning of the story she is seen making a plea for Odysseus' return home, and throughout the first half of the book she assists him in his journey. She is the driving force behind arranging Odysseus' return home from getting Kalypso to release him to making sure Nausikaa found him on Skheria. In books 1-4 she helps Telemakhos, Odysseus' son, gather the courage to go out and get news about his father. Other than Athena, there are many examples of goddesses taking pity on a mortal, usually Odysseus, and helping him out. When Odysseus is suffering in a storm that Poseidon sent for him, Ino, a Nereid, gives him an immortal veil that saves his life. Even Kirke and Kalypso help Odysseus tremendously with information and supplies. It is the Role of the woman goddess and not the male god to pity and proffer help to the suffering mortal. The next and less benevolent role is that of the seductress. Two stories about such women referred to in The Odyssey are those of the half-sisters Helen and Klytaimnestra. The entire Trojan War was caused by Helen's unfaithfulness to Menelaos; her affair caused many deaths and Odysseus would not have had to leave home if she had not run away with Paris. The other sister also caused pain and suffering by having an affair and then killing her husband, Agamemnon, with her lover on his homecoming day. The seductress is always looked upon as dangerous and harmful to mankind. The Seirenes symbolize this role; their song seduces and compels anyone listening to linger until death. Kirke tries to seduce Odysseus before she helps him, and the beautiful Kalypso entices him with sex and immortality and will not release him to go home. It is the hero's job to resist the temptation of the seductress or it will lead to his downfall. In direct contrast with the seductress is the good hostess or wife. Penelope, Odysseus' wife, is the most important of these characters. She is the image of steadfastness, waiting and hoping for years for Odysseus' return. Even the intimidating suitors do not bend her from her constancy. Along with Penelope is Eurykleia who matches Penelope in steadfastness to her job as Telemakhos' nurse. Nausikaa is a good example of a girl who is an excellent hostess to Odysseus (she provides him a bath, clothing, food, and advice), and also cares about her image as a virtuous woman. Her mother, Queen Arete, is good hostess as well, and it was said that her favor would assure Odysseus a ship ride home. The role of the hostess is similar to that of goddess because they are both assisting those in need, Odysseus. More significantly the role of the good woman is to provide a model that makes up for the seductresses. They are there to show that Agamemnon's statement about his women, that woman (Klytaimnestra) plotting a thing so low, defiled herself and all her sex, all women yet to come, even those few who may be virtuous, is untrue. The women in all three of these roles embody an essential part of the events of the story. The hero is helped by the goddess and the good woman, and must overcome her opposite, the seductress. The relationship between the hero and the women, in fact, forms the majority of the story. Thus the role of women in Homers The Odyssey plays an important part to making this epic poem such a wondrous tale and is essential to making this a wonderfully written epic. Mythology

Talent Management Aspects and Benefits

Talent is a prerequisite for success in any organization. A talented workforce does not only assist the company satisfy its clients but also ensures that they remain on top of competition. The challenge, however, is managing this talent. Talent management is thus a key area of concern by any organization in the realms of business.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Talent Management Aspects and Benefits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It requires deliberation during strategizing process laid down by the human resource directors in the organization. Without proper management, talent can be a rare resource in an organization. Consequently, there will be less chances of success. This paper will analyze the different aspects of talent management and how an organization can benefit from it. Talent management is a mindful, purposeful approach undertaken to draw, develop and maintain people with the propensity and abiliti es to achieve existing and prospect organizational requirements. A view echoed in the work of Sparrow (2009a). Due to the constantly changing business environment, it is up to the human resource department to ensure that individuals and the organization at large are focused and have the relevant talent that will give the required results (Hodgkinson, Sadler-Smith, Burke, Claxton Sparrow 2009). What is the importance of having talent management in an organization? That might be a question to many. First and foremost, it ensures that the right people are hired for the job. Also, it ensures retention of employees. Thirdly, it develops culture in the organization that is positive, progressive and one that is of high performance. Talent management is also a tool for work force planning between the old and the new. Last but not least, talent management is used to ensure continuous non official and official learning and development (Aldred Sparrow 2009). In order to understand the more, one has to look at the processes involved in talent management strategy. To begin with there has to be evaluations. This area involves looking at an employee’s performance and the potentiality they possess. The current employee’s performance is looked into as a tool to profitability of the organization.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company then needs to analyze projected performance before imparting given skills on an employee. Basing on this, you are able to make a conclusion on what needs to be done to ensure achievement of intended results (Farmer, Tierney Kung-McIntyre 2003). Competency management is also needed to align the workforce with your business strategy. You need to identify areas that need competency and avail necessary skills needed in achieving (Sparrow 2007).Recruitment process is one of the key elements in talent management. Since tale nt management is all about getting the right work force and retaining them, the recruitment should be done from a qualified group of internal and external applicants. Fleetwood Hesketh (2009) say that proper tracking is required but putting in mind to cut costs on recruiting and sourcing but improving employee’s retention. Furthermore there needs to be employee’s performance management. By ensuring this, the goals of the whole organization will consequently match with individuals’ and groups’. Moreover there should be the standardization of employees’ appraisal and in conclusion link reimbursement to performance (Sparrow 2009b). There must be talent assessment and review. This is achieved by having a constant review meeting with the management team and helping in identifying the talents in the organization. By having effective reviews, highest talents are recognized and steps should be taken to prepare them to step into key roles and positions in the organization (Becerra-Fernandez, Gonzalez Sabherwal, 2003). Charan, Drotter Noel (2002) in their research note that Human Resources together with the management board should ensure there is employee development. Short and long term measures are essential tools to show what training and skills are to be facilitated to achieve the company’s goals. This is followed by providing the training in acquiring those skills and nurturing the relevant talent. With the existing managing team retiring and going home, a company needs to develop quickly the existing employees. This is made possible by giving them the training earlier mentioned to cultivate and shape them for the task ahead (Fleetwood Hesketh 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Talent Management Aspects and Benefits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Succession management must be put in place. This simply means grooming the people who are to take up roles in respective capacities after the departure of others. This should be done by tracking the high qualified people and develop them for them to assume leadership roles without any hitch. Identifying key positions and also potential personnel to take up position is necessary (Amabile Khaire 2008). When we work it is obvious that we are in search of payment at the end of the month. It is to this reason that compensation management is part of talent management. The management team should provide necessary compensation plans both from within and also look at the external packages in the market. This is aimed at offering the best package that will attract and retain the employees. Finally there should be talent analyzing that will ensure you have the required skills and qualification. It also measures the effectiveness of the recruitment process, and looks at whether the learning program is effective or not. Further more; it looks at appropriateness of aligning employees goals t o that of the organization not forgetting looking at cost effectiveness of the compensation programs. It is important to note that for effective talent management, it has to start form the chief executive officers and the board of directors to the human resource department. This should incorporate the line managers who are always in direct contact with members of their departments (Brewster, Sparrow Vernon 2007). The scramble for talent as it is now will be effective in a company basing on effective recruitment and retention. The Human resource (HR) should ensure that there is a proper organizational channel to affect stability, stress on employer brand and status, have proper talent strategies, sustain multilevel responsibility, and get drawn in talent supervision initiatives and offer opportunities for career and individual development. On recruitment and retention, the HR should ensure that there is a culture in place for employees to want to stay in the organization, channels f or career development must be a priority, have a pool for successors at each stage, and identify any gaps in the company that will need special skills and is not yet filled up. It’s therefore the managements work to ensure that the appropriate talent is recognized and retained in line with the organizations goals and strategies. Rob and Ben (2008) say that, for successful talent management the following aspects will be influential. One, there is need to have a supple talent sourcing. There is need to also have modified rewards. This not withstanding well spread out and significant leadership should be put in place. Lastly, we need a culture in the workplace that is in agreement with each other.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Incase of departure of a talented employee, it turns out that there is a problem which must be addressed. The HR must look at what the cause is and seal the loopholes. Loosing a talented employee who has been trained and groomed to take up position in the organization is like making a loss. It’s for this reason that the HR should be monitoring the behavioral changes of the talented employees and look for signs that might be suggesting a walk out from the company, and make sure that it doesn’t happen (Jeanne Willyerd 2010;Schein 1977). Many at times, a company will find itself in a crisis where there is a shortage of employees and there are those who opt to go for greener pasture. The problem is usually the lack of constant review of the talent. There is also the lack of response to the needs of having more talent. Another notable problem is not supporting the employee especially the first month of his work (Kee, 1997). Lastly, the company might not be having good know ledge about the employee. With these, it is obvious that the organization ends up loosing on its talent. Therefore to ensure that an organization doesn’t loose on its talent, proper database should be in place to know what exactly is taking place. A sentiment supported by William (2008). Where there is need for appraisals it should be effected with the needs of the company. The database will also lay out exactly what kind of skill is needed and in what area. This will enable the management know on when to make recruitments internally and externally hence wont have a shortage of employees. A well coordinating group from the chief executive officer (C.E.O) to the subordinates also helps in retaining of the necessary talent (Sparrow 2010; Hesketh 2006). There will be knowledge of what is taking place in the company and so smooth running of the company. It’s the work of the HR to provide the c.e.o with the relevant information regarding the recruitment and retention proces s. Constant review together will provide with the avenue of seeing what is needed in order to be in competition with the global market that are not in sleep. In winding up, to continue having excellent business results in the so much competitive business world, organizations need to go back to the drawing board and come up with appropriate ways in handling talent management. For it to work there must be a strong leadership, a culture of recruiting and retention, employee participation in inventions and suggestions and lastly to have a measurable mechanism to know how the progress and success is. This will make a company stay in the competition and win. Reference List Aldred, G. and Sparrow, P.R., 2009. International Mobility: Impact of the Current Economic Climate. Global Relocation Trends Report. London: Brookfield Global Relocation Services. Amabile, T. M. and M. Khaire. 2008. Creativity and the role of the leader.  Harvard Business Review, October, pp. 100-109. Becerra-Fernande z, I., A. Gonzalez and R. Sabherwal., 2003. Knowledge  Management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Brewster, C, Sparrow, P.R. Vernon, G., 2007. International human resource management. 2nd Edition.   London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Charan, R. Drotter, S. Noel, J., 2002. The leadership pipeline: How to build the  leadership powered company. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Farmer, S. M., P. Tierney and K. Kung-McIntyre. 2003. Employee creativity in Taiwan: An application of role identity theory. The Academy of  Management Journal, 46(5), pp. 618-630. Fleetwood, S. Hesketh, A. 2009 Understanding the performance of human resources, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hesketh, A.J., 2006. Outsourcing the HR Function: Possibilities and Pitfalls, London: Accenture/CRF Hodgkinson, G., Sadler-Smith, E., Burke, L., Claxton, G. Sparrow, P.R., 2009. Intuiton in organisations: Implications for strategic management.   Long Range Planning.   42 (3): 277-297. Jeanne C. M. and Willyerd, K., 2010. The 2020 Workplace: How Innovative  Companies Attract, Develop and Keep Tomorrow’s Employees Today.  New York: Harper Business. Kee, P. J., 1996. Leading Change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Rob, S and Ben E. D., 2008. Strategy-driven talent management: A leadership  imperative. Broomall, PA: Chelsea publishers. Schein, E., 1977. Increasing Organizational Effectiveness through Better Human Resources Planning and Development. Sloan Management Review, 19 (1), p. 1. Sparrow, P.R., 2007. Globalisation of HR at function level: Four case studies of the international recruitment, selection and assessment process, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18 (5), pp.144 -166. Sparrow, P.R., 2009a. Handbook of international human resource management: integrating people, process and context. Chichester: Wiley. Sparrow, P.R., 2009b. International reward management.   In G. White J.Drucker (Eds.), Reward management – a cri tical text.   London: Routledge.   pp. 233-257. Sparrow, P.R., 2010. The Innovation Imperative: Charting the Territory for HR.   Centre for Performance-led HR White Paper 10/01. Lancaster University Management School. William. J. R., 2008. Effective succession planning. Ensuring leadership  continuity and building talent. West port, CT: Airtime publishing Inc. This essay on Talent Management Aspects and Benefits was written and submitted by user Dalton Brooks to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Slave Reparations essays

Slave Reparations essays Forty acres and a mule was what the U.S. government promised former black slaves during the Reconstruction Period, following the Civil War. That promise never came true and now, over a century later, the topic of reparations is still being heavily debated. Both sides of this story have such a great number of relevant and significant arguments that the issue of slave reparations could run in circles for years on end. Slavery was, and continues to be in some countries, a travesty of one man displaying power over another. The torment and injuries endured by a single inferior race at the hands of a more dominant one are frightening. But should a completely new generation, one that had nothing to do with slavery, be held accountable for the actions of a generation over a hundred years ago? What good would an Im sorry and some money do in bringing an end to the tidal wave of racism that has washed across the Unites States since the countrys inception. Any talk of slave reparations s hould be dropped immediately because the process of trying to find out who will be paid and who will be the ones paying has too many questions and not enough concrete answers, payment of reparations will only open more wounds between blacks and whites instead of healing the ones that are already present, and reparations would further solidify the perception of blacks as second-class. The topic of slave reparations cannot be discussed without talk of who is going to make the payments. The idea behind slave reparations is to have an entire race of people pay reparations to another entire race of people. The problem with the previous statement is that the reason for reparation does not cover each and every person on both sides of the issue. There are many reasons to include or not include a person based on what that persons ancestors did or believed. For example, there are blacks th ...

Environmental Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Environmental Analysis - Assignment Example It seems all of these are basic and generic strategies used by Toyota which is found from the theory of competitive advantage by Porter (1980). This only proves that Porter’s theory of competitive advantage still applies until today. Due to this competitive move that Toyota is trying to achieve, the company was able to cut cost while ensuring customers about its cutting-edge technology. With this move, Toyota will be able to cut cost for the price of its offerings but it is still to ensure customers with its standard quality products. Toyota has become the leading car manufacturer and producer in the world because of its quality line of offerings and cutting-edge technology. This remarkably was able to gain social acceptance. This is due to the fact that the society is eager to accept something new and in line with the age of technological revolution. However, the real threat behind this smooth social acceptance for the products manufactured by Toyota is actually on the fact t hat they are assets of the company. Toyota’s products are certainly its assets. However, recent world-wide recalls of products produced by Toyota have triggered social concerns. This particularly includes quality and safety issues. It was noted that in the year 2009, Toyota paid $10 million to four families in the UK who were killed from a runaway Lexus car due to faulty design (BBC News, 2010). Within 12 months up to November 2010, there were reported 229 products recalled in the UK due to health and safety issue, production and design flaw and other related quality issues which part of them were car products (BBC News, 2011). This only shows that the market in the UK is very determined to stand on the quality of offerings which might be difficult for Toyota to get through after it had suffered from issues on quality related matters. Considering that Toyota’s products are its assets in obtaining its target revenue, the incidence of quality problem has substantially tr iggered social concerns among buyers. This is due to the fact that in the UK alone, quality is tantamount to safety and value for the money invested on certain products. This can be clearly observed how the government had responded aggressively to product recalls as initiated by Toyota Motors. The problems affecting Toyota are not only focused on social issues but they also include highly political concerns. With the increasing concern on cutting-edge technology, government has brought forward the necessity to conduct thorough investigations on product quality and implementation of efficient technology. It is therefore clear in here that there is a strong link between political and technological concerns. On the part of Toyota Motors, there is a strong downside of technological exploration. However, on the part of the law, Toyota Corporation still has to face any noted violations as believed by the law to be beyond reasonably doubted. For the law, this is just to ensure social safet y and corporate responsibility. Thus, Toyota was fined particularly in the US for about $16.4 million, the highest so far in history due to legacy issue on car recalls in line with quality issues (BBC News, 2010). Another important aspect that needs to be understood is in line with environmental concerns. The emission of green house gases leads to global concern about the environment. In other countries for instance,

Week 8 Discussion Board Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 8 Discussion Board - Assignment Example Today, in the US, many non-natives still live in the congested apartment projects while the wealthy, both native and non- natives, live in villas, mansions and terraced houses. This is similar to the Victorian suburb where the wealthy natives lived together in huge mansions, although racism was worse in the past. Both today and in the Victorian suburb, people from higher social class have better houses from those from low social class. People, who live in the suburbs, both current and in the historically, are wealthy and powerful. Historically, one had to be introduced by people you know in the suburbs to the society otherwise you were not welcomed. They did not allow average people to their society not unless one belonged to the same social class. Most people who lived in the suburbs were old money. Historically, living in the suburbs meant one had to keep up with the rest of the suburbia residents. You had to dress in a certain way, belong to specific membership clubs and attend specific social gatherings. If one did not do the things that came with the social status, you did not â€Å"belong† and people said that you were not â€Å"living†. One had to have a lot of money to cater for all the social activities that came with the status (Cutting, 1907). Currently, anyone who can afford to buy a house in the suburbs is free to do so. People live their lives without being concerned with the way their neighbors live. Neighbors might even be strangers and they keep different

Getting caught by your child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Getting caught by your child - Essay Example The poem does not begin with the speaker describing his love making but starts with what the speaker can do when he is not making love to his spouse, the speak could "play music" or "sit up talking with any reasonably sober Irishmen". Apart from describing the physical characteristics of the individual, the simile "snores like a bullhorn" serves a dual function and describes that the speaker will sleep sounding like a bullhorn after making love to his spouse. In the lines 3 and 4, the author describes his son Fergus by stating "and Fergus will only sink deeper into his dreamless sleep". The author cunningly uses the name Fergus for his son, who is a great warrior king of Ulster in a famous Irish legend. The author in â€Å"goes by all in one flash" describes his sons peaceful sleep. The author describes that the child himself never feels that he slept because he wakes up so fresh. In line six, the speaker describes the heavy breathing of his son as he drifts into a deeper sleep. The writer drastically changes the scenario in the next line by stating that the child wakes up in his safe bed with a stifled cry i.e. a forceful and suffocating cry. In line 8, the speaker describes how frightened his child is from being wrenched out of his dreamless sleep by stating, "And he will wrench himself awake" and â€Å"make for it on the run-ad now we lie together". The author uses alliterations by stating "come cry" and "wrench" in an effort to resonate the intensity of the childs pain and fear. The speaker describes that his son running away from his to the bedroom, where they lay peacefully touching the length of their bodies after making quiet and tender love. The writer takes the opportunity to describe the title of the poem "after making love we hear footsteps" in the lines from 11 to 15. The speaker concomitantly describes the fear of the child and the familiar feel of making love to his spouse in the lines, "make for it on the run" and

Determination of Gravitational Acceleration

Determination of Gravitational Acceleration Introduction Pendulums can be defined as a body suspended from a fixed support so that it swings freely back and forth under the influence of gravity, commonly used to regulate various devices, especially clocks. Worth (2008) states that pendulums have been used for thousands of years. The ancient Chinese used the pendulum principle to try and help predict earthquakes. Hundreds years ago the famous Italian scientist Galileo was the first European to really study pendulums and he discovered that their regularity could be used for keeping time, leading to the first clocks. Worth (2008) goes on to explain that in 1656, the Dutch inventor and mathematician, Huygens, was the first man to successfully build an accurate clock. It was the first time pendulums were used for humans everyday life. There are four basic laws of a pendulum: Van Albert (1995) explain that firstly the time it takes for a pendulum to complete a swing is related to the square root of the length of string of the pendulum. Secondly the time it takes for the pendulum to swing is related to the square root of the gravitational acceleration. Gravitational acceleration can be defined as the force that attracts objects in space towards each other, and that on the earth pulls them towards the centre of the planet, so that things fall to the ground when they are dropped (Wikipedia 2010). Thirdly the time it takes for the pendulum to swing is not related to the mass and material of the small ball at the end of the pendulum. Finally the time is independent of the greatest distance that a wave provided the greatest distance that a wave is small. The principles of a pendulum can be proven. This experiment is going to show the effect changing gravitational acceleration has on a pendulum, and will determine gravitational acceleration using a simple pendulum Methods Equipment of determination of gravitational acceleration using a simple pendulum A long piece of string A wooden block A small ball A one meter long ruler A protractor Vernier caliper A stop-watch This experiment is talking about determination of gravitational acceleration using a simple pendulum fig 1 was showed that the simple pendulum was used in this experiment. Procedure The long piece of string and the small ball were connected. The small ball was suspended from the wooden block with the long piece of stringÃÆ' ¯Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢such as in figure 1 The length of the long piece of string L was measured using the ruler. Then the diameter of the small ball was measured using the vernier caliper. The long piece of string was not stretched. It was measured to the centre of the small ball. The small ball was raised up about 15 degrees using the protractor, and then released so that oscillations were executed. The time it took for the pendulum to complete a swing T was measured using the stop-watch to time 50 oscillations. Steps 1 to 5 were repeated for five more values of L, and each part was done twice to verify the correct answer. Experiment 1 the length of the long piece of string was measured to 0.4 m Experiment 2 the length of the long piece of string was measured to 0.6 m Experiment 3 the length of the long piece of string was measured to 0.8 m Experiment 4 the length of the long piece of string was measured to 1.0 m Experiment 5 the length of the long piece of string was measured to 1.2 m. Result Calculation Below is a table to show the results recorded from trails 1 to 5. Experiment of determination of gravitational acceleration using a simple pendulum Trail one Trail two The time taken t for 50 oscillation The square of period T The time taken t for 50 oscillation The square of period T Experiment 1 length of string 0.4 m; 64 s 1.64 65 s 1.69 Experiment 2 length of string 0.6 m; 78.6 s 2.47 78.4 s 2.46 Experiment 3 length of string 0.8 m; 90.8 s 3.30 91 s 3.31 Experiment 4 length of string 1.0 m; 101.25 s 4.10 101.2 s 4.09 Experiment 5 length of string 1.2 m 110.7 s 4.90 110.8 s 4.91 The average time was calculated using the formula The square of period T was calculated using T times T. The information in this table can be plotted in a line graph see graph 1. The vertical axis shows that the time takenthe square of period T for 50 oscillation. The horizontal axis shows that the different lengths of the piece of string. The gradient of the line shows the gravitational acceleration. Discussion In this experiment there were controlled variables. Controlled variable can be defined as one which is not allowed to change unpredictably during an experiment Answers Corporation (2010). The first controlled variable was the number of swings. Second was the angle of the swing. The last one is mass of the bob, we all kept their same. In addition, there was one experimental variable. The experimental variable can be defined as some values in experiment we change on purpose. In my experiment, the experimental variable was the length of swings. Error is an experiment word means that mistake, especially one that causes problems or affects the result of some thing. The error can be caused when the small ball was not raised up about 15 degrees, location, the total number of oscillation are not 50. I compared with the data of my classmate, the square period T was proportional to the length of string s. All the points of the graph lie on a straight line so the conclusion is very reliable over this range. It seems likely that the same trend would continue if the string was made longer. I solve the equation and get the acceleration of gravity is 9.78m/s, its not really correct. I think the biggest problem was that the small ball was not raised up about 15 degrees; location and the total number of oscillation are not 50 Conclusion This experiment is talking about determination of gravitational acceleration using a simple pendulum. Firstly I used five steps to finish this experiment first I connected the long piece of string and the small ball. Second I Suspended The small ball from the wooden block with the long piece of stringÃÆ' ¯Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢such as in figure 1. Third I measured the length of the long piece of string L using the ruler and measured the diameter of the small ball using the vernier caliper. Forth I raised up the small ball about 15 degrees using the protractor. Fifth I unclasped the small and using the stop-watch to measure the time it took for the pendulum to complete a swing T. Secondly I made a graph to show my data about this experiment. Thirdly I used these data to calculate the value of gravitational acceleration. Finally I compared my result with my classmate to find mistake In my results, the first two purposes were proving. I measured that the gravitational acceleration is 9.78m/s, it smaller than 9.8m/s. I think one of the most important problem is the total number of oscillation are not 50. Measuring the total number of oscillation about 1.20m is easier than short lengths. Because of the speed of the length is 1.2m is lower than the speed of the length is 0.4m In addition, I think my experiment is good even have some mistake. I will carefully to measure total number of oscillation I am going to try my best to let my data much exact.

The Effects of Antidepressants on Physical and Psychological Symptoms of Depression :: Nursing

This article informs about a study that makes the connection between psycholgogical and physical symptoms of depression, and it highlights new possibilities of treating physical complaints separately. It is a known fact that mostly unexplainable physical symptoms appear in depressed patients, and often they are the signals that indicate to physicians the presence of an affective disorder. These symptoms are most commonly: fatigue, sleep problems, headaches, nausea and back pain. In this research, 601 patients undergoing different therapies for their depression were chosen randomly to participate. Patients in this investigation were put through a longitudinal experiment to see how the symptoms of their depression, as well as their physical symptoms were altered with antidepressants. They were periodically asked to fill out a survey to assess their depression, psychological symptoms, and their quality of life. The experiments lasted 9 months, and the patients received these different antidepressants: paroxetine, fluoxetine, and sertraline. Almost half of the patients presented all common physical symptoms, and few developed new symptoms during the study. Although the physical symptoms had greatly improved in the first month of medication, they soon plateaued and ceased to improve, while the psychological symptoms such as mood and well-being continued to improve.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the end of this experiment, scientist learned that although the depression symptoms of patients almost disappeared, the physical symptoms, mostly the ones involving pain, had not continued to improve since the plateau in the first month of therapy.

Government Spending on Healthcare

Government Spending on Healthcare Talia Oliver 10/22/2012 HCS/440 Donna Lupinacci, MSN The article I read was written by Margaret Cuomo, M. D. and it focused on health care costs and how the government is doing unnecessary spending in health care. According to the article, the government has spent about $750 billion dollars on medical care that was not needed. Some of the areas where the author believes that the money has been wasted have been in unnecessary services, excessive administrative costs, inflated prices, prevention failures and fraud.The issue is that this spending is not actually contributing to the improvement of patient health. The author the author had stated that â€Å"Flaws in the current system of cancer treatment contribute to unnecessary spending† (Cuomo, 2012). There is so much money being spent on the blood tests, diagnostic scans and other medical procedures that deal with cancer and it is costing about $200 billion every year. With their being so much unnecessary spending on healthcare, Cuomo discussed how a group called the IOM committee was able to come up with ways in order to cut the spending and be able to continue to provide quality health service.Government Regulation on Media in AmericaThe article discusses that the IOM believes that â€Å"Eliminating wasteful spending for just one year ($750 billion) would be equal to more than 10 years of Medicare cuts† (Cuomo, 2012). This wasteful spending according to the article can’t continue to happen and it is important that we understand where the money is being spent and how the excessive spending can be changed. My opinion of the article is that there is too much money being spent by the government on healthcare that is not contributing to ensuring the improvement of patient health.When you look at the unnecessary medical care, there are services that are not needed but the money is being wasted when it could be spent somewhere else. Cancer is a serious issue and I believe it is important for patients to get assistance to help treat cancer. However, there are times that some patients are a bit paranoid and believe they have cancer and request tests to be sure. This is not necessary if the patient shows no signs of having cancer and the money can be saved. I believe that the article is very valid with saying that a lot of the spending is going to unnecessary things.The reason why I believe this is because there are those patients who are able to afford care and can’t get covered for care due to the fact that there is not enough funding available. The article is also valid in identifying ways that the unnecessary costs can be cut without disrupting the quality of care given to the patients. The ability to save money by cutting the unnecessary spending can help the money go to services like Medicare. I believe that the spending discussed in this article is way too much on unnecessary services that are not helping to improve patientâ€⠄¢s health.There is no reason that $750 billion is being wasted and it could go to services that can help those who can’t afford healthcare and those on Medicare. I believe that the government could focus that money on prevention methods that would help to avoid patients requiring more care. Prevention efforts are important and yet the government doesn’t invest enough money in it. The article had stated that recently â€Å"The House of Representatives voted 236 to 183 to repeal the Affordable health Care Act’s Prevention and Public Health Trust Fund† (Cuomo, 2012).Instead of trying to prevent the spending on unnecessary services and issues, repealing this act just ensures that there will be more costs to come due to the fact that prevention efforts are not being taken seriously. In conclusion, this article talked about the fact that a lot of the government spending on healthcare is being wasted on unnecessary services. The government is spending money on healthcare that can be cut in order to spend money where it is needed in healthcare.If the government focused more on being able to cut costs and provide quality care, $750 billion can go to Medicare services or even to state agencies that are trying to help uninsured patients get proper care. The government spending on healthcare should be spent on ensuring the improvement of patient’s health. References Cuomo, M. (2012, September 25). Margaret I. Cuomo, M. D. : The Truth About Health Care Costs. Breaking News and Opinion on The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 23, 2012, from http://www. huffingtonpost. com/margaret-i-cuomo-md/health-care-costs_b_1901742. html

Sustaining IT Value for the Organization Essays

Sustaining IT Value for the Organization Essays Sustaining IT Value for the Organization Essay Sustaining IT Value for the Organization Essay Leadership Principles Principle No. 1 Set the azimuth for the organization. Continuously communicate the company’s mission, vision and values. The leader is expected to remind the employees the company’s core objective so that they can be motivated to counter the competition in the environment. IT is constantly improving and innovation is widely being experienced in the competitive environment so to stay ahead of the game, the leader is supposed to relate the company’s goals and ensure that the IT technology developed is bent towards the goals and company values (Tapscott Caston,1993). Principle No. 2 Listen to your teammates. Never pass up an opportunity to keep your mouth shut. Leaders in the organization should encourage dialogue through horizontal and vertical information so that they can evaluate IT suggestions effectively. Feedback concerning the realized impact of the technology to the organization is necessary to develop strategies to either improve it or maintain its current form. The leader should not impose strategies, measure on the workforce, and disregard their opinions. Teamwork increases the output because of less tension and conflicts. IT Leadership philosophy IT leadership needs objective assessment of the entire IT portfolios of the company. This is important because it allows for effective project planning with reduced costs and risks. The leader is able to pre-determine the best way forward in the company to improve it and counter losses. According to Van (2001), a leader must also evaluate the amount of money spent on IT to control the type of IT investments and ensure that they are aligned to the company’s long-term goals. Making the most appropriate choice concerning the options of IT investments provides a condition of reliability and compatibility of the technology and the business activities of the company. Finally, the leader should accurate in planning and taking action on the proposed IT projects.

The Relationship Between Electricity and Magnetism

The Relationship Between Electricity and Magnetism Electricity and magnetism are separate yet interconnected phenomena associated with the electromagnetic force. Together, they form the basis for electromagnetism, a key physics discipline. Key Takeaways: Electricity and Magnetism Electricity and magnetism are two related phenomena  produced by the electromagnetic force. Together, they form electromagnetism.A moving electric charge generates a magnetic field.A magnetic field induces electric charge movement, producing an electric current.In an electromagnetic wave, the electric field and magnetic field are perpendicular  to one another. Except for behavior due to the force of gravity, nearly every occurrence  in daily life stems from the electromagnetic force. It is responsible for the interactions between atoms and the flow between matter and energy. The other fundamental forces are the weak and strong nuclear force, which govern radioactive decay and the formation of atomic nuclei. Since electricity and magnetism are incredibly important, its a good idea to begin with a basic understanding of what they are and how they work. Basic Principles of Electricity Electricity is the phenomenon associated with either stationary or moving electric charges. The source of the electric charge could be an elementary particle, an electron (which has a negative charge), a proton (which has a positive charge), an ion, or any larger body that has an imbalance of positive and negative charge. Positive and negative charges attracts each other (e.g., protons are attracted to electrons), while like charges repel each other (e.g., protons repel other protons and electrons repel other electrons).   Familiar examples of electricity include lightning, electrical current from an outlet or battery, and static electricity. Common SI units of electricity include the ampere (A) for current, coulomb (C) for electric charge, volt (V) for potential difference, ohm (ÃŽ ©) for resistance, and watt (W) for power. A stationary point charge has an electric field, but if the charge is set in motion, it also generates a magnetic field. Basic Principles of Magnetism Magnetism is defined as the physical phenomenon  produced by moving electric charge. Also, a magnetic field can induce charged particles to move, producing an electric current. An electromagnetic wave (such as light) has both an electric and magnetic component. The two components of the wave travel in the same direction, but oriented at a right angle (90 degrees) to one another. Like electricity, magnetism produces attraction and repulsion between objects. While electricity is based on positive and negative charges, there are no known magnetic monopoles. Any magnetic particle or object has a north and south pole, with the directions based on the orientation of the Earths magnetic field. Like poles of a magnet repel each other (e.g., north repels north), while opposite poles attract one another (north and south attract). Familiar examples of magnetism include a compass needles reaction to Earths magnetic field, attraction and repulsion of bar magnets, and the field surrounding electromagnets. Yet, every moving electric charge has a magnetic field, so the orbiting electrons of atoms produce a magnetic field; there is a magnetic field associated with power lines; and hard discs and speakers rely on magnetic fields to function. Key SI units of magnetism include the tesla (T) for magnetic flux density, weber (Wb) for magnetic flux, ampere per meter (A/m) for magnetic field strength, and henry (H) for inductance. The Fundamental Principles of Electromagnetism The word electromagnetism comes from a combination of the Greek works elektron, meaning amber and magnetis lithos, meaning Magnesian stone, which is a magnetic iron ore. The ancient Greeks were familiar with electricity and magnetism, but considered them to be two separate phenomena. The relationship known as electromagnetism wasnt described until James Clerk Maxwell published A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism in 1873. Maxwells work included twenty famous equations, which have since been condensed into four partial differential equations. The basic concepts represented by the equations are as follows:   Like electric charges repel, and unlike electric charges attract. The force of attraction or repulsion is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.Magnetic poles always exist as north-south pairs. Like poles repel like and attract unlike.An electric current in a wire generates a magnetic field around the wire. The direction of the magnetic field (clockwise or counterclockwise) depends on the direction of the current. This is the right hand rule, where the direction of the magnetic field follows the fingers of your right hand if your thumb is pointing in the current direction.Moving a loop of wire toward or away from a magnetic field induces a current in the wire. The direction of the current depends on the direction of the movement. Maxwells theory contradicted Newtonian mechanics, yet experiments proved Maxwells equations. The conflict was finally resolved by Einsteins theory of special relativity. Sources Hunt, Bruce J. (2005). The Maxwellians. Cornell: Cornell University Press. pp. 165–166. ISBN 978-0-8014-8234-2.International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (1993). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 2nd edition, Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03583-8. pp. 14–15.Ravaioli, Fawwaz T. Ulaby, Eric Michielssen, Umberto (2010). Fundamentals of applied electromagnetics (6th ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-13-213931-1.

The summary paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The summary paper - Assignment Example the law is part of a broader initiative to campaign against the plans offered in Arizona through the federal healthcare exchange to provide coverage for abortions. The provision is meant to prevent plans offered in Arizona through the federal health care exchange from providing coverage for most abortions. Some opponents of anti abortion view this as an opportunity to campaign for anti legislation against the practice across the whole nation. However, the doctors say that the science behind the proposed legislation has not been proved yet implying that there is no reason for panicking and campaigning against abortion. According to Rojas, those who are against abortion argue that women should have full knowledge before abortion is induced. They argue that this abortion induced strategy can be reversed and this can lead to the birth of the baby. However, there would be likely chances that the baby is born with defects. Those who are anti abortion argue that women can still be pregnant after being given the progesterone. Therefore, they argue that the method used for abortion has negative implications on the women. It is their right to know the consequences of this type of abortion. Some argue that the fetus is likely to suffer pain when the abortion is perfumed after 20 weeks. To counter the allegations made by the people against abortion, those who support it state that the abortion laws in Arizona have been designed to suppress the practice. For instance, women were allowed to see the doctor 24 hours before the abortion was performed and it was also stated that no abortion could be performed after the pregnancy is 20 weeks. However, the members who support abortion have stated that people in Arizona are rational individuals and they know what they want. It is their right to have an abortion using their preferred method rather than being dictated by other people. Overall, the article by Rojas raises critical issues related to the aspect of abortion that is

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Employment Law - Essay Example This paper seeks to discuss the employment law. Based on a case, the paper will explore relevant legal principles in employment law with the aim of advising a party over possible claims. Facts of the case Kareen has been employed at Coombes & Partners architect firm for six years, a period in which she has served as a receptionist and has been offering exemplary services. Her mother is currently ill, having suffered from a stroke, and has for this reason moved to stay with her, forcing Kareen to double up as a care giver at home and an employee. As a result, Kareen wrote to her manager to request for a variation in working conditions that include change in reporting time and departure time. Besides request for fewer daily working hours, she also requested her working days to be reduced from five days a week to four. Her request was however rejected by her manager on grounds that her line of duty is normally busy during morning hours and that a late reporting time could not therefore be granted. The manager further noted that the organization’s policy does not allow receptionists to work on part time schedules. A male trainee, Audio, at the firm has also been making verbal suggestive advances towards Kareen. The trainee has also reportedly patted Kareen on her bottom, an act that offended her. Though she reported the issue to her manager, no action was taken. The trainee, then in a separate incident, tried to kiss her by force. In reaction, Kareen hit him forcing him to fall on a desk. Adio reported Kareen’s reaction and the manager summoned her for a hearing. In the hearing, that Kareen describes as intimidating, Adio accused her of hitting him without a reason and denied any sexual advancement towards her. The manager then gave her a dismissal letter to which she did not appeal due to her anger. Issue One of the issues to be determined in the case is existence of an employee’s right to a flexible working condition and the circumstances und er which the employer can violate such a right. Another issue to be determined is existence of sexual harassment and the nature of liability that is induced by acts of sexual violence. Termination of an employment contract is also an issue for determination. Rules and application Kareen, as an employee, is legally entitled to flexible working conditions as provided for by the law and based on the facts that she has worked for the organization for a period of six years. Based on the provisions of the Employment Rights Act1, Kareen has a right to apply, to her employer, for an option to work under conditions that are more flexible. Such conditions may include shorter working hours or rescheduled timetable with respect to reporting times as well as the times at which she may leave work. Chandler explains that such a right would be extended to Kareen if she were a parent or a guardian who is responsible for the care of a child who is younger than six years or a minor who has been identi fied with a disability. Based on a written application, Coombes & Partners is therefore legally obliged to grant such request unless there are serious negative consequences that the enterprise may suffer for granting the flexible condition. Such reasons, however, must be communicated.2 Lewis and Thornbory however categorically specify that all employees are entitled to the right to flexible working condition if reason for application is for care of a relative. According to the authors, an

THE APPLICATION OF THEORETICAL MODELS RELATING TO TEAM BUILDING AND Essay

THE APPLICATION OF THEORETICAL MODELS RELATING TO TEAM BUILDING AND MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS TO THE PROCESS OF EVENT MANAGEMENT - Essay Example In the study, effectiveness measures include team performance by multiple evaluations of key stakeholders. Team effectiveness is found to be a result of the interactions among design, process, and contextual support factors. It was suggested that as teams work under interdependent conditions, the positive relationship between team job motivation and team autonomy was reduced (Janz et al. 2006). It is also stressed that teams that have developmental maturity have a more positive demonstration of the relationship between job motivation and team process behaviors such as sharing and innovating, than those that do not. There is a positive relationship between process behaviours and effectiveness, a more positive relationship is recorded in the presence of certain contextual factors such as high-quality goals and efficient information transmission. The presence of other contextual factors, such as feedback and time pressure allows process behaviours and effectiveness for a less positive r esult (Janz et al. 2006). In order for an organisation to achieve maximum returns on investment, teams and leaders need to achieve peak performances - team process skills, leadership, and management development, mind mapping techniques, stress management, and personal and team coaching. Teamwork is important in carrying out a task and spells the difference between group efficiency and lack of it. Teamwork is enhanced in team building activities as it pertains to people working together cooperatively as a tam in pursuit for accomplishing the same goals/objectives. A team building-based approach is fundamental to many organisations, which is proved by reliance upon project teams in driving change and innovation. A so-called 'teamship skills' that are on par with employees' and workers' functional and technical skill sets is what is required of people in order to work in a team dimension. Upon achieving the fundamental outcomes of team building, the team's journey will be accelerated by the second phase of team development toward peak performance. A team development program provided by the organisation will give way for teamship skills and operational framework in order for teams and individuals achieve their full potential (Bowdin et al. 2001). The first step in achieving teamwork and high performance team building is by building strong interpersonal relationships and alignment to team goals, which must be undertaken in the initial building of the team. Trust and rapport can be easily established by a shared experience that involves working together on tasks that are unfamiliar and require a high degree of interdependence. Improved and measurable team building outcomes are sought by modern organisations, in which a team-based approach is fundamental. A clear example of this is the reliance upon project teams in order to drive change and innovation. There is now a necessity for people to possess teamship skills, which are aligned to their functional and technical skills sets. There is also a growing trend of using project teams to drive organisational improvement, which is one consideration in the fast-paced dimension of business. An employee

Sherman Alexie Essay Example for Free

Sherman Alexie Essay According my researching from Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, Academic Search Complete, and Superman and Me in class, I found out biographical information on Sherman Alexie. The reason I searched about Sherman Alexie because I wanted to know about how he had been through his life and become a successful American poet. He also writes essays and novels. In childhood, Sherman Alexie was born October 7, 1966 on the Spokane Indian Reservation in Washington. He lived where surrounded by alcoholism, crimes, and drugs around him. His father was an alcoholic. Alexie’s health was poor which hydrocephalus -water on the brain was. The doctor gave up to save his life, and he was not expected to survive through his severe disease. â€Å"The hydrocephalus had left him with an enlarged skull, and he suffered from seizures and bed-wetting throughout his childhood†. Even though he had suffered his life through his mental disabilities, he patiently spent most of his childhood reading. Time went by; his surgery was successful and survived. His hardworking is the cornerstone to success when he spent most of time to read. This reminds me that even though I have struggle in my life, I will stand up to deal with problems and never give up on anything. Without my hardworking, I won’t go anywhere and have a successful life. I think that all his efforts spending time his childhood reading will bring matter to a resolution and equality to his life. Alexie had to deal with all the challenges and problems that he met at the reservation school even though he was teased by other kids. â€Å"As a boy, Alexie was teased mercilessly by the other reservation kids, who called him â€Å"The Glode†. I think he was called The Globe because his head was larger than other kids due to his as infant hydrocephalus. He also was kept out from many of the activities at the reservation school for young Indian males due to his health issues. Nothing he could do at the moment, Alexie was being outstanding to read anything available to him (Lynn 197-198). This shows me that I try hard and spend the amount of my available time to work on anything, the price of success will come from my hardworking. According to Sarah Quirk, one of the American novelists said â€Å"Blend elements of popular culture, Indian spirituality, a nd the drudgery of poverty-ridden reservation life to create  his characters and the world they inhabit† .One of the influences of Alexie’s writings is meant to bring sadness to the conscious mind. He uses humor, literature, and cultural activities. The purpose he wanted to use humor in his plot was to leave the readers with an observation of a particular aspect, admiration, understanding, and sympathy. This means Alexie’s influences for his literary works don’t depend all the listings of Indian modern forms. Alexies work is filled with using humor to present all his character’s works, and most of his writing focused on what he had experienced as a Native American. It was very meaningful to read his collection of poems and short stories because all his works helped me to explore and know more many facts of contemporary life on a reservation. Alexie has the best way of describing circumstances and tenderness through different poems and short stories that make me hurt and pain for the Native Americans who live on reservations. Alexie thought to have a better life and better himself, so he decided to leave the reservation and attended Reardan High school at his eighth grade. He tried all his best to study hard and at the end all the grant he received from his hardwork made him at expert at his studying and became a basketball star and elected as class president. â€Å"There, he flourished, becoming a star player (and the only Indian) on the schools basketball team (ironically called the Reardan Indians), as well as the team captain, class president, and a member of the championship debate team† (Lynn 198). His achievement in High School was admitted his admission to Jesuit University in 1985. He had a successful academic career path. After Alexie successful academic career in there, he transfer to Washington State University in 1987 where he started writing poetry and short fiction .I knew that because of his hard working brought them a better life. I also think that even though there is any problem in my life, I have to deal in order to overcome problems, never give up in my life. Giving up easily every decision I make, it won’t let me succeed and bright me the path I choose to go. In 1990, one of Alexie’s first work collections of poetry was The Business of Fancydancing. It was published in Hanging Loose magazine. â€Å"The Business of Fancydancing, was published in 1992, The New York Times described him as one of the major lyric voices of our time. Ever since, the writer has continued to receive critical acclaim†. (McNally) .The knowledge and learning all he put gave him satisfaction and motivation; he  succeeded in writing first poetry. It also gave him the motivation to quit drinking. â€Å"On the night of his twenty-first birthday, Alexie-drunk, as usual-was robbed at knifepoint. He had sunk low enough. He gave up drinking for good.† (Lynn 198). He knew that the risk of drinking was bad for health, so he chose the right decision to focus on his work. The right decision he made would lead him to attain greatness and make him rich through an enormous awards and grants of his hard work. Sherman reflects on his successful career and being a successful Indian writer. I used to be a binge alcoholic. Ive substituted writing for alcohol. Writing is everything. It takes stuff away. Its like being married. Its a high-maintenance relationship. You cant get lazy. Im doing something around it every dayreading, writing, editing, and thinking. I can be staring out the window, and Im working real hard.(Lynn 202). Alexie received many awards and grants. â€Å"In 2010 he won a number of literary awards, including the PEN/Faulkner Award for War Dances (2009; another mix of prose and poetry) and the 2010 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Native Writers’ Circle of the Americas( Daniel). Through his hard working, it led him a successful career path from poems to short stories to novels through reading and writing. In his essay â€Å"Superman and me†, Alexie writes, â€Å"In all my years in the reservation school system, I was never taught how to write poetry, short stories, and novels. I was certainly never taught that Indians wrote poetry.† This reminds and wants readers to explore their new options in reading and writing, it may save your life (Sherman 112). I think that exploring new options in reading may ultimately save my life. The more I explore new options in reading, the more I gain more knowledge. Just like Sherman Alexie, he was surprised he became a writer despite all the books he read and all the time he spent reading; consequently, education can save his life successfully. Education can save life once people spend time and work hard on it. From what I have been reading and knowing about Sherman’s literacy work, I explore new possibilities for assessing his rich and challenging work. Not only do I know about his life, but I also know about how much time he put his efforts in and how hard his life had been through to be a successful literacy career. When I do research, each research step is to determine the purpose of my research, to do some background I have done reading that familiarize with the topi c, select and use the best  Library Catalogue research resource, analyze my research, organize and write, cite my research. Since I had been doing with research, I learned about a particular topic in depth, enhancing of credentials, understanding process, an ability to think and work independently, MLA formatting and style, works cited and citations. The more I do research, the more I enhance my experience, knowledge, and credibility. Works Cited McNally, Joel. Sherman Alexie. Writer (Kalmbach Publishing Co.) 114.6 (2001): 28. Academic Search Complete. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. Cline, Lynn. About Sherman Alexie. Ploughshares 26.4 (2000): 197.Academic Search Complete. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. Quirk, Sarah. Dictionary of Literary Biography.278. American Novelists since World War II, Seventh Series. Detroit: Gale Group,2003 Grassian, Daniel. â€Å"Sherman Alexie. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.

Why Did the South Secede In 1860? :: American America History

Why Did the South Secede In 1860? The seeds of secession had been sown early in American history; quite literally with the fundamental differences in agriculture and resultant adoption of slavery in the South. From early days, the thirteen states had grown up separately, and each had their own culture and beliefs, which were often incompatible with those held in other states. The geographical and cultural differences between north and south would manifest themselves at regular and alarming intervals throughout the hundred years following the drafting of the constitution. Tension reached a peak during the 1850s, over the right to hold slaves in new territories. The Wilmot Proviso of 1846, roused bitter hostilities, and vehement debate turned to physical violence during the period of 'Bleeding Kansas'. The election of Lincoln, who the South perceived to be an abolitionist, in 1860 was the final straw, and the secession of seven Southern states followed soon after. Geographically, North and South were very different places. The pastures of New England were similar to those found in England, suitable for a variety of uses. Hot Southern prairie lands were perfect for cotton growing, a lucrative business at this time. Following the invention of Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin, the South became increasingly dependent on this crop, and an entire society grew out of it. The society was one of wealthy planters, who led a life similar to the landed gentry of England, controlling politics and society of the day. In the fields laboured Negro slaves, usually only a handful per plantation, though larger farms were occasionally seen. In addition, there lived poor whites, tenant farmers or smallholders, who eked out a living from the land. This contrasted sharply with Northern society, where industrialisation flourished, creating wealthy entrepreneurs and employing cheap immigrant labour. Given the localised nature of media, and difficulties of transport two cultur es grew up in the same nation, remarkably different and often suspicious of one another. Crisis struck in 1820, when the North/South balance in the Senate was threatened by the application of Missouri to join the Union as a slave state. Southerners, aware of their numerical inferiority in the House of Representatives, were keen to maintain their political sway, in the Senate. The North feared that if Southerners were to take control of the Senate, political deadlock would ensue. Compromise was found in 1820 when Maine applied to join as a free state, maintaining the balance.

Teen Pregnancy Informative Speech Essay

Did you ever have a doll when you were younger, that you would play with and pretend was your own, real baby? Did your sister ever make you play house with her, starring as the daddy, taking care of all sorts of children and pets? Life examples like these are proof that at a small age, we intend to become nurturers. But who wants to wake up every day with the pressure of going to school, going to work, and taking care of children? Though many of you sitting here are already parents and face similar responsibilities. Never as teenagers, do we sit and daydream about being pregnant or becoming parents in high school. All we want to dream about is moving far away from our families, living on our own, and making a lot of money doing it. But does reality ever match the dream? Are teens ever faced with the fact that their â€Å"perfect plan† might take a small detour? Today we’ll all come to the realization that teen pregnancy happens, it’s real, and is growing every day. There are many factors that contribute to teen pregnancy such as peer pressure to have sex, absent parents, and also the glamorization of pregnancy the media gives it. Peer pressure is always tough to deal with, especially when it comes to sex. Many teenagers fall in to peer pressure due to making friends or fitting in with their peers. According to LIVESTRONG.COM many teens have sex to seem mature, sophisticated and cool, but in some cases the end result is an unplanned teen pregnancy. The Kaiser Family Foundation states that more than 29 percent of pregnant teens reported that they felt pressured to have sex, and 33 percent of pregnant teens stated that they felt that they were not ready for a sexual relationship, but proceeded anyway because they feared ridicule or rejection. Others feel pressured by the person they are dating. Still others find it easier to give in and have sex than to try to explain why not. Some teenagers get caught up in the romantic feelings and believe having sex is the best way they can prove their love. Work Cited Page Langham, R. Y., Ph.D. â€Å"What Are the Causes of Teenage Pregnancy?† LIVESTRONG.COM. LIVESTRONG.COM, 13 Apr. 2015.Web. 05 July 2015.

Bread Talk Marketing Analysis Essay

BREAD TALK GROUP (Bakery) Number of brands under Bread talk group ( bakery) 1) Bread talk 2) Toast Box 3) The icing room 4) Bread Society Macro- environment: * Economic: There is a rise in income for most middle and lower income earners, making the bread sold price inelastic as it is a smaller proportion of the salary earned. Bread talk will always enjoy a demand for their bakery products. * Demographic: There is an increase in Singapore’s Population (overcrowding) from past years, more people will cause an increase in demand for such bakeries. * Culture: It is Asian’s habit to eat supper/ tea and hence selling of breads can be used as snacks during these breaks. Therefore there will always be a demand for these snacks. * Technology: Bread talk consulted top R& D teams to create more varieties of bread. 50 novel recipes conceptualized with the input of international bakery consultants within its Research & Development team. The exciting Euro bread series harnesses the taste and quality of European breads and incorporates them with a variety of Asian flavors, such as drunken longan, black sesame, spinach and sweet potato. * Competition: There are also many bakery shops that are well known such as Four Leaves, Crystal Jade, Cake History, Begawan Solo etc. which are in close vicinity of Bread talk. Consumers may choose to purchase breads in different shops according to their tastes and preferences Market: * over 600 bakery outlets in 15 territories * territories include: Singapore, China, Hong Kong and the Middle East Customer target group: * people with different range of income esp. low and middle class * no age group * the discerning customer who enjoys her daily bread * esp those living in city areas Strategy of company * Spirit of innovation: introduced new bakery model called Bread Talk Transit positioned as a quick stop for consumers on the go. Bread talk also developed a mobile application, allowing users to make purchases, locate outlets, and be informed of the latest promotions. By enabling customers to shop-on-the-go, it effectively reduces the in-store shopping time by close to 33% and led to a 75% increase in customer compliments. * Increases productivity and allows for more versatility when sourcing for retail space. * Rapid expansion of the Bread Talk brand. * Strengthened Brand presence : Build RamenPlay, Bread talk, Toast Box and The icing room together in Nex reap financial benefits through cost savings due to shared expenditure ( set up costs) * More charity work being done/ sharing their success: To celebrate 10th anniversary, BreadTalk pledged 5 cents from each Floss Bun sold to Straits Times School Pocket Money Fund, raised $50,000 for needy school children. * Marketing mix: 1) Product: bread, pastries, cakes and drinks. Always create new varieties of breads: Chilli Crab, Carlee Crab & branded its signature bun: Chicken Floss Bun. There are 50 types of bun available in each outlet. Objective: Gain revenue and to satisfy customer’s desire for snacks, especially during breakfast and tea time because most people usually take bread or pastries during this time 2) Place: 25 outlets in Singapore. Some places includes: Parco, Bugis junction, Paragon, Tiong Bahru Plaza, Novena Square, Jurong Point Shopping Centre, Marriott Hotel, Tang Plaza, Junction 8Shopping Centre, Great World City, Capitol Building, Turf City, Parkway Parade, HDB Hub (Toa Payoh), Tampines Mall etc Objective: Locating everywhere allows the customer to buy their bread anywhere! 3) Price: Min. price: $1.00.Max. price:$2.00 Objective: Priced averagely so that people can afford the bread 4) Promotion : a. Store structure: i. Each outlet bears the urban, clear glass, clean cut look punctuated subtly with detailing of contrasting colours of artworks, unique to each locale. (Zen-like concept) ii. BreadTalk signature â€Å"see through† kitchens allow their chefs to showcase their expertise upfront, sharing the preparation of the freshly browned breads and tempt the customers to have a taste of their breads. b. Advertisements/Television/Banners to attract others cheaper price during anniversary month : Bread talk campaign tagline â€Å"Breadtalk gets you Talking†, c. Use of their own brand plastic bag, pamphlet and coupons also serve as a type of promotion to attract new customers wherever and whenever the name carries it. d. Loyalty card-Spend above $5, you will get a stamp on your card. With correct no. of stamps, they are able to redeem a free bun. Flaws * Decline in sales was due to some outlets’ business not doing well, leading to revenue and profits made by other outlets to go wasted as earning cannot overcome losses made. * The popular ‘Chicken Floss Bun ´ idea was stolen by other bakery shops. Bread Talk pushed onto the losing side as competitor sells the product at lower prices price out-grew satisfaction! Improvements made: Market Penetration : 1) Bread talk can have delivery services 2) Bread talk can sell using push carts 3) Conduct more lucky draws to encourage more purchase of breads Product Development 1) Create Minis Breads like Four Leaves such that consumers get to taste and will go for the normal one if the flavours are nice 2) Create certain type of breads during festivals like CNY , Christmas Market Development 1) Open a place to sit and eat ( E.g. Cafà ©) to allow ppl to rest and interaction /not just buy and go 2) Open more shops in residential areas ( underneath HDB flats etc.) so that it is more convenient for residents | Diversification 1) Invent new bread flavours that customers like by surveying them before that Swot Analysis Strengths 1) Unique concept & branding: captures interest of consumers as it constantly develops products reflecting contemporary  lifestyle and current events. Shops gives customers a sense of friendliness 2) Wide range of products:  Bread talk offers over 150 varieties of breads, buns, pastries and cakes overall. Breadtalk constantly introduces new products to cater to customers’ changing tastes. It currently introduces approximately 10 items every four months 3) Strategic Locations : located at strategic and accessible places to attract potential customers as having high customer traffic flow (near public transport systems , retail outlets, , cinemas) Weakness 1) Pricing: products are priced higher than the products of other bakeries, which might cause customers to choose another brand 2) Selection of Products : products limited to bread and cake compared to Bengawan Solo with pastries choices Opportunities 1) Nature of Products :Bread is a commodity and can be sold anywhere in the world. There is a high potential for global growth since there is a constant consumer demand for bread expanding of business overseas 2) Other Markets: BreadTalk has forged partnerships currently in Indonesia, China (Shanghai) Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan ROC and the Middle East (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman and UAE), India and Hong Kong. Threats 1) Product/Brand Concept Replication Breadtalk faces the threat of product/brand concept replication by other bakeries especially in regions which Breadtalk has not ventured into (eg USA). 2) Competition from Direct and Indirect Competitors: – indirect competitors include specialized bakeries like Donut Factory, which are currently both capturing increasing consumer interest.

John D. Rockefeller, Americas First Billionaire

John D. Rockefeller, America's First Billionaire John D. Rockefeller (July 8, 1839–May 23, 1937) was an astute businessman who became America’s first billionaire in 1916. In 1870, Rockefeller founded Standard Oil Company, which eventually became a domineering monopoly in the oil industry. Rockefeller’s leadership in Standard Oil brought him great wealth as well as controversy, as many opposed Rockefeller’s business practices. Standard Oil’s nearly complete monopoly of the industry was eventually brought to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled in 1911 that Rockefeller’s titanic trust should be dismantled. Though many disapproved of Rockefeller’s professional ethics, few could devalue his substantial philanthropic endeavors, which led to him to donate $540 million (more than $5 billion today) during his lifetime to humanitarian and charitable causes. Fast Facts: John D. Rockefeller Known For: Founder of Standard Oil and Americas first billionaireBorn: July 8, 1839 in Richford, New YorkParents: William â€Å"Big Bill† Rockefeller and Eliza (Davison) RockefellerDied: May 23, 1937 in Cleveland, OhioEducation: Folsom Mercantile CollegePublished Works: Random Reminiscences of Men and EventsSpouse: Laura Celestia â€Å"Cettie† SpelmanChildren: Elizabeth (Bessie), Alice (who died in infancy), Alta, Edith, John D. Rockefeller, Jr.Notable Quote: I was early taught to work as well as play, My life has been one long, happy holiday; Full of work and full of play- I dropped the worry on the way- and God was good to me every day. Early Years John Davison Rockefeller was born on July 8, 1839, in Richford, New York. He was the second of six children born to William â€Å"Big Bill† Rockefeller and Eliza (Davison) Rockefeller. William Rockefeller was a traveling salesman peddling his questionable wares across the country. As such, he was often absent from the home. John D. Rockefeller’s mother essentially raised the family on her own and managed their holdings, never knowing that her husband, under the name of Dr. William Levingston, had a second wife in New York. In 1853, â€Å"Big Bill† moved the Rockefeller family to Cleveland, Ohio, where Rockefeller attended Central High School. Rockefeller also joined the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church in Cleveland, of which he would remain a long-time active member. It was under his mother’s tutelage that the young John learned the value of religious devotion and charitable giving, virtues he practiced regularly throughout his life. In 1855, Rockefeller dropped out of high school to enter Folsom Mercantile College. After completing the business course in three months, 16-year-old Rockefeller secured a bookkeeping position with Hewitt Tuttle, a commission merchant and produce shipper. Early Years in Business It didn’t take long for John D. Rockefeller to develop a reputation as an astute businessman: hardworking, thorough, precise, composed, and adverse to risk-taking. Meticulous in every detail, especially with finances (he even kept detailed ledgers of his personal expenditures from the time he was 16), Rockefeller was able to save $1,000 in four years from his bookkeeping job. In 1859, Rockefeller added this money to a $1,000 loan from his father in order to invest in his own commission merchant partnership with Maurice B. Clark, a former Folsom Mercantile College classmate. Four years later, Rockefeller and Clark expanded into the regionally booming oil refinery business with a new partner, chemist Samuel Andrews, who had built a refinery but knew little about business and the transporting of goods. However, by 1865, the partners, which numbered five including Maurice Clark’s two brothers, were in disagreement about the management and direction of their business, so they agreed to sell the business to the highest bidder amongst them. The 25-year-old Rockefeller won it with a bid of $72,500 and, with Andrews as a partner, formed Rockefeller Andrews. In short order, Rockefeller studied the nascent oil business in earnest and became savvy in its dealings. Rockefeller’s company started small but soon merged with O.H. Payne, a large Cleveland refinery owner, and then with others as well. With his company growing, Rockefeller brought his brother (William) and Andrews’ brother (John) into the company. In 1866, Rockefeller noted that 70% of refined oil was being shipped to overseas markets. Rockefeller set up an office in New York City to cut out the middleman, a practice he would use repeatedly to cut expenses and increase profits. A year later, Henry M. Flagler joined the group and the company was renamed Rockefeller, Andrews, Flagler. As the business continued to succeed, the enterprise was incorporated as the Standard Oil Company on January 10, 1870, with John D. Rockefeller as its president. The Standard Oil Monopoly John D. Rockefeller and his partners in the Standard Oil Company were rich men, but they strove for even greater success. In 1871, Standard Oil, a few other large refineries, and major railroads secretly joined together in a holding company called the South Improvement Company (SIC). The SIC gave transportation discounts (â€Å"rebates†) to the large refineries that were part of their alliance but then charged the smaller, independent oil refineries more money (â€Å"drawbacks†) to shuttle their goods along the railroad. This was a blatant attempt to economically destroy those smaller refineries and it worked. In the end, many businesses succumbed to these aggressive practices; Rockefeller then bought out those competitors. As a result, Standard Oil obtained 20 Cleveland companies in one month in 1872. This event became known as â€Å"The Cleveland Massacre,† ending the competitive oil business in the city and claiming 25% of the country’s oil for Standard Oil Company. It also created a backlash of public contempt, with the media dubbing the organization â€Å"an octopus.† In April 1872, the SIC was disbanded per the Pennsylvania legislature but Standard Oil was already on its way to becoming a monopoly. A year later, Rockefeller expanded into New York and Pennsylvania with refineries, eventually controlling nearly half of the Pittsburgh oil business. The company continued to grow and consume independent refineries to the point that Standard Oil Company commanded 90% of America’s oil production by 1879. In January 1882, the Standard Oil Trust was formed with 40 separate corporations under its umbrella. To increase the financial gain from the business, Rockefeller eliminated middlemen like purchasing agents and wholesalers. He began manufacturing the barrels and cans needed to store the company’s oil.  Rockefeller also developed plants that produced petroleum byproducts like petroleum jelly, machine lubricants, chemical cleaners, and paraffin wax. Ultimately, the arms of the Standard Oil Trust eradicated the need for outsourcing entirely, which devastated existing industries in the process. Marriage and Children On September 8, 1864, John D. Rockefeller married the valedictorian of his high school class (though Rockefeller did not actually graduate). Laura Celestia â€Å"Cettie† Spelman, an assistant principal at the time of their marriage, was a college-educated daughter of a successful Cleveland businessman. Like her new husband, Cettie was also a devoted supporter of her church and like her parents, upheld the temperance and abolition movements. Rockefeller valued and often consulted his bright and independently-minded wife about business manners. Between 1866 and 1874, the couple had five children: Elizabeth (Bessie), Alice (who died in infancy), Alta, Edith, and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. With the family growing, Rockefeller bought a large house on Euclid Avenue in Cleveland, which became known as â€Å"Millionaire’s Row.† By 1880, they also purchased a summer home overlooking Lake Erie; Forest Hill, as it was called, became a favorite home of the Rockefellers. Four years later, because Rockefeller was doing more business in New York City and did not like being away from his family, the Rockefellers acquired yet another house. His wife and children would travel each fall to the city and stay for the winter months in the family’s large brownstone on West 54th Street. Later in life after the children were grown and grandchildren came, the Rockefellers built a house in Pocantico Hills, New York, a few miles north of Manhattan. They celebrated their golden anniversary there but during the following spring in 1915, Laura â€Å"Cettie† Rockefeller passed away at age 75. Media and Legal Woes John D. Rockefeller’s name had first been associated with ruthless business practices with the Cleveland Massacre, but after a 19-part serial exposà © by Ida Tarbell titled History of Standard Oil Company, started appearing in McClure’s Magazine in November 1902, his public reputation was proclaimed to be one of greed and corruption. Tarbell’s skillful narrative exposed all elements of the oil giant’s efforts to squash competition and of Standard Oil’s overbearing domination of the industry. The installments were later published as a book of the same name and quickly became a bestseller. With this spotlight on its business practices, the Standard Oil Trust was attacked by state and federal courts as well as by the media. In 1890, the Sherman Antitrust Act was passed as the first federal antitrust legislation to limit monopolies. Sixteen years later, the U.S. attorney general during President Teddy Roosevelt’s administration filed two dozen antitrust actions against large corporations; chief among  them was Standard Oil. It took five years, but in 1911, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the lower court’s decision that ordered Standard Oil Trust to divest into 33 companies, which would function independently from each other. However, Rockefeller did not suffer. Because he was a major stockholder, his net worth grew exponentially with the dissolution and establishment of new business entities. Rockefeller as Philanthropist John D. Rockefeller was one of the wealthiest men in the world during his lifetime. Though a tycoon, he lived unpretentiously and kept a low social profile, rarely attending the theatre or other events typically attended by his peers. Since childhood, he had been trained to give to church and charity and Rockefeller had routinely done so. However, with a fortune believed to be worth more than a billion dollars after the dissolution of Standard Oil and a tarnished public image to rectify, John D. Rockefeller began to give away millions of dollars. In 1896, 57-year-old Rockefeller turned over the day-to-day leadership of Standard Oil, though he held the title of president until 1911, and began to focus on philanthropy. He had already contributed to the establishment of the University of Chicago in 1890, giving $35 million over the course of 20 years. While doing so, Rockefeller had acquired confidence in Rev. Frederick T. Gates, the director of the American Baptist Education Society, which established the university. With Gates as his investment manager and philanthropic adviser, John D. Rockefeller founded the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research (now Rockefeller University) in New York in 1901. Within their laboratories, causes, cures, and various manners of prevention of diseases were discovered, including the cure for meningitis and the identification of DNA as the central genetic matter. A year later, Rockefeller established the General Education Board. In its 63 years of operation, it distributed $325 million to American schools and colleges. In 1909, Rockefeller launched a public health program in the effort to prevent and cure hookworm, a serious health issue in the southern states, through the Rockefeller Sanitary Commission. In 1913, Rockefeller created the Rockefeller Foundation, with his son John Jr. as president and Gates as a trustee, to foster the well-being of men and women around the world. In its first year, Rockefeller donated $100 million to the foundation, which has provided assistance to medical research and education, public health initiatives, scientific advancements, social research, the arts, and other fields around the world. A decade later, the Rockefeller Foundation was the largest grant-making foundation in the world and its founder deemed the most generous philanthropist in U.S. history. Death Along with donating his fortune, John D. Rockefeller spent his last years enjoying his children, grandchildren, and his hobby of landscaping and gardening. He was also an avid golfer. Rockefeller hoped to live to be a centenarian but died two years before the occasion on May 23, 1937. He was laid to rest between his beloved wife and mother at Lakeview Cemetery in Cleveland, Ohio. Legacy Though many Americans scorned Rockefeller for making his Standard Oil fortune through unscrupulous business tactics, its profits aided the world. Through John D. Rockefeller’s philanthropic endeavors, the oil titan educated and saved an untold number of lives and aided medical and scientific advancement. Rockefeller also forever changed the landscape of American business. Sources â€Å"John D. Rockefeller: The Ultimate Oil Man.† John D. Rockefeller: The Ultimate Oil Man.â€Å"John D. Rockefeller.† Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 16 Jan. 2019.The Rockefeller Archive Center.